Chemical composition of water conditioned by crowdedMoina macrocopa (Crustacea: Cladocera)

The chemical composition of water conditioned by colonies ofMoina macrocopa and involved in the regulation of their life cycle was analyzed in comparison with water samples from natural water bodies. Dechlorinated tap water was used as the control medium. The results showed that metabolism of crustaceans leads to an increase in the concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen in all forms, the appearance of protein and carbohydrate fractions, and changes in the composition of lipid fractions in the water conditioned by their colonies. The contents of all organic components are very low, which makes their identification difficult. Concentrations of substances identified in the conditioned water do not exceed those occurring in nature.     

汽爆麦草固态发酵木质素酶

木质素是地球上主要的可再生芳香族化合物 ,是地球上仅次于纤维素的第二丰富可再生天然资源 ,然而 ,对它的利用研究却很少 ,是天然高分子中未开发的领城[1] .80年代初发现了木质素过氧化物酶 (ＬｉＰ) [2 ,3] 和锰过氧化物酶 (ＭｎＰ) [4 ] 以后 ,木质素酶和木质素生物降解研究取得了一定进展 .但木质素微生物转化降解研究中仍存在许多问题 .( 1)由于木质素酶解是一种非专一性的、以自由基为基础的链反应过程[5] .因此 ,木质素酶在化学工业、煤化学和环境保护方面具有很大的开发前景 .而现在木质素酶的生产大多用合成培养基 ,必需添加昂贵的…     

Formation of Soluble Complexes of Metals with Humic Acid and Its Environmental Significance

In order to investigate the role of functional groups present in humic acid(s) (HA) during complex formation, water soluble complexes between HA isolated from soil and metals (Pb, Ca, As, Ni, Cr, Co, Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn, Mg and Zn) were prepared and subjected to infrared (IR) spectroscopy. the IR data revealed the involvement of the - OH group of humic acid in complex formation with all metals except copper and arsenic, whereas the - COOH group of HA was found to be the preferred site of binding for all the metals. the significance of findings in relation to detoxification of environmental pollutants is discussed in this paper.     

蒽醌染料中间体溴氨酸降解酶的特性

从污染地分离筛选出的菌株BX26对蒽醌染料中间体溴氨酸有显著的降解脱色作用，降解过程受降解酶的控制，试验结果表明，降解酶为溴氨酸诱导的胞外酶，该酶在温度高于50℃处理后失活，盐度对该酶失活有影响，盐度高于1%会显著降低该酶活力，酶对溴氨酸的催化脱色要有氧参加，氮气气氛中酶活受抑制。     

Dissipation of carbendazim and chloramphenicol alone and in combination and their effects on soil fungal:bacterial ratios and soil enzyme activities

The dissipation of carbendazim and chloramphenicol alone and in combination and their effects on soil fungal:bacterial ratios and soil enzyme activities were investigated. The results revealed that carbendazim dissipation was little affected by chloramphenicol, whereas chloramphenicol dissipation was found to be retarded significantly by the presence of carbendazim. The inhibitory effect of carbendazim on the fungal:bacterial ratios was increased by the presence of chloramphenicol, and the inhibitory effect of chloramphenicol on neutral phosphatase was increased by the presence of carbendazim. Carbendazim increased soil catalase and urease activities, but this increase was partially diminished by the presence of chloramphenicol. Little interaction was observed between carbendazim and chloramphenicol with regard to their influence on soil invertase. The results obtained in this study suggest that combinations of fungicides and antibiotics may alter the compounds’ individual behaviors in soil and their effects on soil enzymes.     

人工湿地系统微生物去除污染物的研究进展

人工湿地污水处理系统具有净化效果显著、建设和运行费用低廉、管理简便等优点,近年来越来越受到人们的重视。人工湿地是利用介质、植物和微生物构成的复合系统来处理污水。微生物在人工湿地系统净化污水过程中发挥着重要作用。介绍了人工湿地系统中微生物去除污染物的研究进展,重点讨论了人工湿地对污染物和特殊有机污染物的去除以及系统基质中微生物的种群和活性等内容,并结合我国研究现状展望了该领域的研究前景。人工湿地系统微生物对污染物去除将成为人工湿地生态系统服务功能评价、人工湿地生态系统健康与稳定的诊断的重要组成部分。     

Rhodobacter sp. NP25b菌株缺氧降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的研究

从城市污水处理厂活性污泥中分离得到一株能够在缺氧条件下以壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPEOs)为惟一碳源和能源生长的菌株NP25b.经生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列分析,该菌株属于红细菌属(Rhodobacter sp.),对该菌株降解NPEOs的特性进行了研究.结果表明,在缺氧条件下,菌株NP25b在7 d内对初始底物浓度为400 mg/L NPEOs的降解率可达84%.利用液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对NPEOs降解中间产物进行了分析,结果表明,主要降解产物为短链NPEOs和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚乙酸(NPECs),其中包括具有较强内分泌干扰效应的NP1EO.该菌株能够代谢含有疏水基团的聚氧乙烯醚类表面活性剂,例如辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚.推测菌株NP25b降解NPEOs是通过乙氧基(EO)链末端氧化后逐步切割完成的.     

草酸对Cr胁迫下李氏禾解毒性能的影响

结合因子分析方法分析了草酸对Cr胁迫下李氏禾解毒性能的影响。研究过氧化氢酶(CAT)、可溶性糖、生长指标的变化情况,并运用因子分析方法筛选出最能表征李氏禾生长特性的指标,进而较科学的研究外源草酸对Cr胁迫下李氏禾解毒性能的影响。Cr质量浓度为0、200、400 mg/kg的土壤中,适当浓度草酸对李氏禾CAT影响表现出极显著差异(P0.01);当土壤中Cr质量浓度200 mg/kg,草酸质量浓度为80、120 mg/kg时,可溶性糖浓度分别比本组对照降低了23.59%、32.65%;株高可作为关键因子的关键变量。外源草酸可以增强李氏禾对Cr的解毒性能且与草酸浓度有关,因子分析方法可以应用于李氏禾研究中。     

微生物聚磷及其酶学调控

本文论述了微生物细胞内磷酸盐转运机制和与聚磷相关的酶—PPK、PPX及两者对微生物聚磷行为的调控,并对今后研究重点做出展望.论文认为对于微生物聚磷的研究应从纯种微生物转移到强化生物除磷系统的混合微生物菌群,运用分子生物学和生物信息学手段分析聚磷优势菌种的PPK和PPX酶的结构特征及其在活性污泥中的变化规律,进一步深入认识生物除磷调控机理,开辟寻求提高系统除磷效率的新途径.     

磺化石墨烯对小麦幼苗生长及生理生化指标的影响

随着石墨烯生产量和使用量的不断增大,其对生态环境的风险逐渐引起了环境学家的关注。采用水培试验,探究了磺化石墨烯(SGO)对小麦幼苗的生长、抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化的影响。结果表明:在培养10 d后,低浓度磺化石墨烯对小麦根系的生长有显著促进作用(P0.05),200 mg·L-1浓度处理与对照处理相比提高了84.3%,随着浓度增加促进作用逐渐减弱,1 000 mg·L-1时与对照相比提高了19.9%。但对小麦地上部的生长没有影响。磺化石墨烯处理的小麦幼苗根系和叶片组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)及丙二醛(MDA)都呈现先下降后上升的趋势。当磺化石墨烯浓度低于200 mg·L-1时,处理组小麦抗氧化酶的活性及MDA含量相对于对照处理大都有所降低,说明低浓度时磺化石墨烯没有对小麦的生长产生氧化胁迫,这与磺化石墨烯可能具有一定的抗氧化能力有关,而高浓度时由于产生氧化胁迫使各项生理生化指标逐渐上升。本实验结果为石墨烯材料对植物的毒理学研究提供了基础数据。