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141.
北京官厅水库中有机氯类农药的分布和来源 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
采用气相色谱/电子捕获检测器法(GC/ECD)对官厅水库表层水体中18种有机氯农药进行分析.结果表明:官厅水库9个采样点水样中18种有机氯农药残留水平为10.06~87.37 ng·L-1,其中∑HCHs和∑DDTs分别为3.93~38.94和3.71~16.03 ng·L-1.官厅水库及其支流水体受到有机氯农药轻度污染,上游工业区废水排放以及各支流周边地区农田排水是官厅水库中有机氯农药的重要来源.与国内外其他地区相比较,官厅水库表层水体中有机氯农药含量较低,∑DDTs、γ-HCH和七氯环氧均未超过GB 3838-2002地表水环境质量标准限值. 相似文献
142.
End-users’ knowledge,attitude, and behavior towards safe use of pesticides: a case study in the Guanting Reservoir area,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pesticides are widely used in China for crop protection. However, the use of some highly toxic and accumulative pesticides
has led to serious pollution to the environment. The knowledge that end-users of pesticides have about hazards is important
for the prevention of acute poisoning. Moreover, farmers, especially those who purchase and use pesticides, often make important
and long-standing impacts on the local ecosystem and environment. In this study, a specially designed questionnaire was used
to collect information on their knowledge, attitude, and behavior related to pesticides in the Guanting Reservoir area, north
of China. Most pesticide end-users reported that they took incomplete preventive measures for lack of extensive pesticide
knowledge and information. Pesticide information, instruction, and training among farmers should be promoted, and governmental
intervention is needed to ensure proper management regarding public health risks and environmental hazards. 相似文献
143.
农药在土壤中归趋模型的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
农药在土壤中的归趋模型是定量研究农药在土壤中分布和运移规律的主要手段 ,也是目前土壤环境学研究的重要内容之一 本文就几类常见的农药在土壤中的归趋模型作简要评述 ,分析它们的适用范围和局限性 ,并指出了今后的主要发展趋势和需要进一步研究的科学问题 相似文献
144.
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147.
检测水中有机磷农药的酶传感器 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用丝网印刷技术制作厚膜型电极,通过交联法将乙酰胆碱酯酶固定在电极上,开发快速检测水中有机磷农药的酶传感器.采用循环伏安法对电极所做的检测结果表明电极彼此间的差异在10%以内,具有较好的一致性.通过在交联剂、酶和底物等方面优化传感器的工作参数,确定了戊二醛、酶和底物的浓度分别为0.2%、0.5 mg/mL和10 mmol/L时,传感器响应最好.在交联固定酶的情况下,根据酶活受到有机磷抑制的原理,采用时间-电流法对特丁硫磷和对硫磷进行了检测.结果表明:这2种有机磷的检测限都可以达到1 ng/mL,线性区间1~10 000ng/mL.在物理吸附固定酶的情况下,采用循环伏安法对特丁硫磷进行了检测.结果表明:采用循环伏安法检测的灵敏度比采用时间-电流法的灵敏度要高. 相似文献
148.
Transfer assessment of carbendazim residues from rapeseed to oil production determined by HPLC–MS/MS
Yinghong Li Jing Hu Zhoulin Yao Qiang Wang 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2020,55(8):726-731
AbstractIt is crucial to develop practical procedures for the control and reduction of pesticide residues in oil productions from farm to dining table. In this study, the dissipation behaviors of typical fungicide from rapeseed to oil production were studied to reveal relationship among spraying stage, application dosage, household oil processing stage, and pesticide residues. In the field trials, rape plants were sprayed with carbendazim at three different dosages during flowering period. Transfer assessment of carbendazim residues from rapeseed to oil production during household oil processing via different press techniques was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). The recoveries of carbendazim in rapeseed samples, meals after squeezing samples, and rapeseed oil samples ranged from 82.5% to 93.6% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) <5.2%. The validation results illustrated that the methods were reliable and sensitive. The average processing factor (PF) during household oil processing via hot press technique and cold press technique was 0.15 and 0.51, respectively. This study demonstrated that household oil processing could significantly reduce the pesticide residues, especially by hot press technique. 相似文献
149.
Setting the stage for the review of the international estimate of short-term intake (IESTI) equation
Anke Richter Christian Sieke Hermine Reich Bernadette C. Ossendorp Nicolas Breysse Jason Lutze 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2018,53(6):343-351
ABSTRACTIn the framework of setting Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for pesticides, both chronic and acute health risks to consumers arising from the long-term and short-term dietary exposure to pesticide residues have to be assessed. The current internationally harmonized approach for assessing the acute dietary exposure is based on deterministic methods for calculating the IESTI (International Estimate of Short-Term Intake). Recently, it became apparent that the IESTI approach needs a revision in the light of new scientific and political aspects. The main reasons that require this review were the lack of an international harmonization of the methodology which implies trade barriers as well as difficulties in risk communication concerning the public trust in regulatory systems. The most recent milestone in the scientific debate on a possible revision of the IESTI equation was an international scientific workshop held in Geneva in September 2015. The main objectives of this meeting were the re-evaluation, and where possible, the international harmonization of the input parameters for the IESTI equations as well as the equations themselves. The main recommendations from the workshop were (i) to replace the highest residue and supervised trials median residue with the maximum residue limit (MRL), (ii) to use a standard variability factor of three, (iii) to derive the P97.5 large portion value from the distribution of consumption values of dietary surveys expressed as kg food/kg bw/d, and (iv) to remove the commodity unit weight from the equations. In addition, the application of conversion factors and processing factors was addressed. On the initiative of the (World Health Organization) WHO Collaborating Centre on Chemical Food Safety at the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), the Netherlands, an international working group with members from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, France (ANSES), Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority, Australia (APVMA), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Germany (BfR), Chemical Regulation Division, the United Kingdom (CRD), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and RIVM, the Netherlands was formed after the IESTI workshop to conduct a comprehensive impact assessment of the proposed changes of the IESTI equations. 相似文献
150.
Alla I. Perfileva Antonina G. Pavlova Baira B. Bukhyanova 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2018,53(7):464-468
The effect of various pesticides on the biofilm formation by the phytopathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Cms), the potato ring rot causative agent, was explored for the first time. Systemic herbicides: 2,4-D, diuron, glyphosate, clopyralid, fluorodifen, as well as the commercial preparations “Lazurite,” “Ridomil Gold,” and the mitochondria inhibiting pesticides analog, sodium monoiodoacetate, were studied. These pesticides' effect on the Cms biofilm formation was shown to be distinct and dependent on the agent under question. Cms biofilm formation was reduced when exposed to sodium monoiodoacetate, as well as “Lazurite” preparation, that could be due to the bactericidal effect of these agents. 2,4-D and “Ridomil Gold” preparation stimulated the biofilm formation. Systemic herbicides diuron, glyphosate, clopyralid, fluorodifen did not exert appreciable influence on the process of bacterial biofilm formation. 相似文献