UV-B辐射与酸雨胁迫对生菜生理特性及品质的影响

酸雨和紫外辐射的增强是全球环境问题之一,也是目前研究的热点。以生菜(lactuca)为实验材料,在大田条件下,研究了UV-B(280~320nm)辐射与模拟酸雨(AR)的胁迫对生菜生理特性和品质的影响。实验结果表明:UV-B辐射的增加降低了生菜植株的蒸腾速率、叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a b的质量分数,且下降幅度随紫外辐射的增强而增大。UV-B辐射的增加提高了生菜叶片中类黄酮的含量,其增加幅度随紫外辐射的增强而增大。酸雨对生菜的蒸腾速率、叶绿素的质量分数也均有不同程度的影响,酸雨对类黄酮含量的影响不大.品质研究结果表明,随着UV-B辐射的增加,叶片中的水的质量分数持续降低,而抗坏血酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质的质量分数均先增加后减小,说明存在一个使品质发生突变的阈值范围.酸雨使得生菜中抗坏血酸的质量分数增加,并且增加幅度随pH值的减小而增大;随着酸雨酸度增强,植株中水质量分数持续降低;酸雨使生菜中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质的质量分数先减小后增加。在UV-B和酸雨的共同作用下,只有对类黄酮的影响具有明显的协同作用,其他指标表现不明显,但是可以看出复合作用下指标含量下降幅度明显大于单一因子的胁迫,并且下降幅度受UV-B辐射强度和酸雨pH的影响。     

Shifts in the spatio-temporal growth dynamics of shortleaf pine

Previous studies focusing on the growth history of Pinus echinata at the edge of its geographical range have suggested that changes in growth correspond to climatic and non-climatic (e.g., anthropogenic) factors. We employ a regime-dependent state-space model that allows us to detect and characterize the changes in tree growth dynamics over space and time using readily available dendrochronological and climatic data in the presence of various sources of uncertainty. We utilize methods common in atmospheric sciences but relatively unknown in ecology and forestry to develop a hierarchical model for tree growth and describe the growth dynamics. The utility of such methods for addressing ecological problems will grow as more high dimensional spatio-temporal processes are considered and datasets become more readily available.     

饲养雄性棘胸蛙生理常数及精巢的年周期变化

研究了饲养雄性棘胸蛙 4项生理常数以及精巢的年周期变化 .结果表明 :肥满度、躯体肥满度、肝系数、脂肪体系数的年周期变化明显 ,与生殖周期密切相关 ,最小值都出现于蛙的两次繁殖高峰期 .精巢周期开始于 9月份后期 ,冬眠期间 (10月至翌年 3月 )生精活动比较平缓 ,但并未停滞 ,4月份生精活动活跃 ,5月份达到高峰 ;第二次生精活动开始于 6月份 ,8月份达到高峰期 .图 4图版 1表 2参 14     

镉对稻田土壤典型微生物种的胁迫生理毒性

以水稻田土壤中典型的单种微生物为实验材料,采用纯培养方法,从个体水平上全面探讨了重金属镉胁迫对稻田土壤典型微生物的的生长、活性以及生化过程的生理毒性影响。研究表明:不同微生物纯培养对镉胁迫的敏感程度不同,G 较G-对Cd2 更为敏感,表现为世代时间缩短,最高菌浓度下降。固氮菌对Cd2 非常敏感,当Cd2 质量浓度为0.2mg·L-1时即完全抑制菌体增殖。同时,外源镉强烈的抑制作为稻田土壤中功能微生物的厌氧固氮菌及产甲烷细菌的生物活性,各菌种镉胁迫下细菌细胞内可溶性蛋白、还原糖、核酸质量浓度都在低质量浓度镉胁迫时有所增加;随着镉质量浓度的增加,细菌细胞内各种物质的质量浓度开始减小,以减慢细胞代谢速度,增强对镉胁迫的适应力;各种物质的质量浓度变化趋势为可溶性蛋白>还原糖>核酸,R.eutrophaDKC1细胞内含物质量浓度基本保持稳定。结果可在一定程度上说明镉对微生物的毒性效应,且能在早期较灵敏地指示污染的影响,作为稻田土壤环境受到污染胁迫的细胞生化指标具有一定可行性。     

RESEARCH ISSUES IN FOREST HYDROLOGY1

ABSTRACT: This paper explores a range of forest hydrology issues and identifies my concepts of the field's most pressing research needs. I extend the topic to include teaching and education in the broader sense because current teaching is usually part of the researcher's portfolio and because education involves that of both the research scientist and a broader audience. I consider the primary research, education, and service roles of the forest hydrologist also within a range of domains or, as I prefer to identify them, scales: (1) the molecular or pore level; (2) hydrological process; (3) watershed function; (4) global considerations, and (5) the human dimension which, while not actually a scale itself, embraces, is important to, and is affected by the first four. All are topics screaming for attention by researchers, educators, and practitioners. I shall here focus on the middle three.     

危机管理体制构建与政府职能转变--后非典时期对于突发公共灾害处置的思考

本文以公共卫生危机和社会突发事件为个案,以政府面对这些危机所面临的挑战和取得的经验为研究对象,分析公共危机产生的原因和基本特征,提出了面对公共危机时应建立政府危机管理的预警系统,建立快速反应机制,动员社会参与危机救治,加强信息流通,加强公共危机的法制化建设.     

重庆市大气污染对锌材料腐蚀的经济损失分析

简要介绍了材料大气腐蚀经济损失的估算方法,并以2002年为基准年,选择了重庆市主城中心的6个功能区作为代表性区域,运用腐蚀破坏剂量响应函数和使用寿命计算公式对锌材料的腐蚀经济损失进行了定量估算.结果表明,由大气污染腐蚀破坏锌材料造成的年直接经济损失约为4061.7万元,约为同期GDP的0.1%.其中,干沉降对经济损失总量的贡献率在71%～99%之间,均值为92%.     

中国生态用地及生态系统服务价值变化研究

生态用地具有重要的生态系统服务功能,在维护生态平衡、保障国土生态安全、应对全球气候变化中具有特殊地位。论文在总结国内研究学者有关生态用地研究成果的基础上,从生态系统服务功能入手,界定了生态用地的概念,根据生态干扰度构建了生态用地分类体系,并将生态用地分类与土地利用分类进行衔接,对全国生态用地的生态系统服务价值进行了评估,分析其特征及规律。研究表明：1）广义的生态用地是指能发挥供给、调节、支持生态系统服务功能,以及对维持区域生态平衡和调节全球气候具有重要作用的土地类型;2）依据“生态干扰度”构建了生态用地分类体系,将生态用地分为3个一级地类、5个二级地类和31个三级地类;3）2012年全国生态用地的生态系统服务价值为280 483.80亿元,呈现“西高、中次、东低”空间格局。2009—2012年全国生态用地的生态系统服务价值整体呈下降趋势,变化幅度空间分布差异较大,呈现“中增、东西减”的格局特点;2009—2012年全国生态用地各项生态系统服务功能受到损失,呈下降趋势,生态系统稳定性不容乐观。     

Degradation of chlorpyrifos in laboratory soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity

Degradation of chlorpyrifos at different concentrations in soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity were investigated under laboratory conditions. The degradation half-lives of chlorpyrifos at levels of 4, 8, and 12 mg/kg in soil were calculated to be 14.3, 16.7, and 18.0 d, respectively. The Biolog study showed that average well color development (AWCD) in soils was significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by chlorpyrifos within the first two weeks and thereafter recovered to the similar level as the control. A similar variation in the diversity indices (Simpson index 1/D and McIntosh index U) in chlorpyrifos-treated soils was observed, no significant difference in the Shannon-Wiener index H' was found in these soils. With increasing chlorpyrifos concentration, the half-lives of chlorpyrifos were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) extended and its inhibitory effects on soil microorganisms were aggravated. It is concluded that chlorpyrifos residues in soil had a temporary or short-term inhibitory effect on soil microbial functional diversity.     

基于地质环境评价的九江市区不同功能用地优化布局

从地质环境角度,对九江市区不同功能用地类型进行了系统划分,并针对划分的主要功能用地类型(居住及公共设施用地、工业及仓储用地、生态绿化用地)分别进行了地质环境适宜性评价,根据评价结果,结合九江市区的用地现状,提出了不同功能用地优化布局建议,为九江市区后期用地规划与调整提供了依据.