全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2753篇 |
免费 | 293篇 |
国内免费 | 1101篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 234篇 |
废物处理 | 41篇 |
环保管理 | 374篇 |
综合类 | 1669篇 |
基础理论 | 1040篇 |
污染及防治 | 340篇 |
评价与监测 | 202篇 |
社会与环境 | 203篇 |
灾害及防治 | 44篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 37篇 |
2022年 | 87篇 |
2021年 | 91篇 |
2020年 | 92篇 |
2019年 | 119篇 |
2018年 | 117篇 |
2017年 | 164篇 |
2016年 | 155篇 |
2015年 | 200篇 |
2014年 | 165篇 |
2013年 | 374篇 |
2012年 | 261篇 |
2011年 | 250篇 |
2010年 | 196篇 |
2009年 | 200篇 |
2008年 | 142篇 |
2007年 | 229篇 |
2006年 | 201篇 |
2005年 | 143篇 |
2004年 | 111篇 |
2003年 | 120篇 |
2002年 | 93篇 |
2001年 | 77篇 |
2000年 | 82篇 |
1999年 | 59篇 |
1998年 | 71篇 |
1997年 | 59篇 |
1996年 | 43篇 |
1995年 | 43篇 |
1994年 | 39篇 |
1993年 | 31篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4147条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Edna Granéli Paulo S. Salomon 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2010,46(1):108-120
Granéli, Edna and Paulo S. Salomon, 2010. Factors Influencing Allelopathy and Toxicity in Prymnesium parvum. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(1):108-120. Abstract: Some microalgae are able to kill or inhibit nutrient-competing microalgae, a process called allelopathy. Inhibiting or killing competitors enable these species to monopolize limiting resources, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Prymnesium parvum is known to produce such allelopathic compounds, substances that seem identical to the ichthyotoxins identified from this species. Biotic and abiotic environmental factors influence not only growth rates but also toxin/allelopathic compounds production by P. parvum cells. Toxin production, as well as allelopathy, including grazer deterrence, increases dramatically in light, temperature, or nutrient stressed P. parvum cells. Correspondingly, toxicity and allelopathy may decrease, or cease completely, if cells are grown with high amounts of N and P in balanced proportions. However, even under nutrient (N and P) sufficient conditions, P. parvum is able to produce toxins/allelopathic compounds, with negative effects on other phytoplankton species or grazers, if cells densities of P. parvum are high relative to other species. This negative effect might shift the plankton community to more toxin resistant species. Filtrates from nutrient-deficient P. parvum cultures have almost the same strong negative effect on grazers and other phytoplankton species as when Prymnesium cells are grown together with the target organisms. Eutrophication, the increased input of N and P to aquatic ecosystems, besides increasing nutrient concentrations, is usually provoking unbalanced N:P condition for the optimal growth of phytoplankton, deviating from the Redfield ratio, i.e., the phytoplankton cellular nitrogen to phosphorus ratio, N:P = 16:1 (by atoms) or 7.2:1 (by weight). Eutrophication thus both enhances P. parvum growth and increases production of toxins and allelopathic compounds. Supplying N-deficient or P-deficient P. parvum cells with the deficient nutrient reduces toxicity to less than half within 24 h after additions. As P. parvum is mixotrophic, uptake of dissolved or particulate organic N (DON or PON) can also reduce toxicity and allelopathy in the same manner as addition of inorganic N to N-starved cells. In conclusion, P. parvum, by increasing its toxicity and allelopathic ability under poor environmental conditions, outcompetes the co-occurring phytoplankton species. 相似文献
992.
基于元素毒性赋值的模糊数学环境质量评价——以成都经济区近地表大气尘为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用模糊数学方法,根据元素毒性的大小进行权重赋值,对成都经济区近地表大气尘进行地球化学环境质量评价。结果显示:不同城市中,成都、乐山、眉山的大气环境质量较好,处于一级清洁级别;眉山、雅安的大气环境质量处于二级安全级别;德阳的大气环境质量已经处于三级警戒级。不同地区中,绵阳和眉山的大气环境质量较好,处于一级清洁级别;德阳和雅安处于二级安全级别,成都和乐山处于三级警戒级。 相似文献
993.
厂界噪声背景值修正问题的讨论 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在实际计算中 ,按照国家标准 (GB1 2 3 4 9-90 )扣除背景噪声值常常会与待测声源的实际声级值产生较大的误差。利用对噪声源的实际测量数据 ,探讨这种误差产生的原因及结果 ,并建议今后采用计算结果列表查找或者直接用公式计算的方法扣除背景噪声 ,以消除因数据处理不当而产生的误差。 相似文献
994.
995.
An Integrated Approach Towards Assessing the Value of Water: A Case Study on the Zambezi Basin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aim of this paper is to develop a methodology for assessing the value of water in the different stages in the water cycle.
It is hypothesised that if a cubic metre of water provides some benefit in some spot at a certain moment, this cubic metre
of water has a certain value not only at that point in space and time, but in its previous stages within the water cycle as
well. This means that, while water particles flow from upstream to downstream, water values ‘flow’ in exactly the opposite
direction. The value of water in a certain place is equal to its value in situ plus an accumulated value derived from downstream. This value-flow concept is elaborated for the Zambezi basin.
It is found that water produces the smallest direct economic benefits in the upper part of the Zambezi basin. However, water
flows in this part of the basin − due to their upstream location − have the highest indirect values. Return flows from the
water-using sectors are particularly valuable in the upstream sub-basins. The analysis shows that the value per unit of river
water increases if we go from downstream to upstream. Another finding of the study is that percolation of rainwater is generally
more valuable than surface runoff. Finally, a plan to export water from the river Zambezi to South Africa is evaluated in
terms of its opportunity costs.
The results of this study show that the value-flow concept offers the possibility of accounting for the cyclic nature of water
when estimating its value. It is stressed, however, that for the current study many crude assumptions had to be made, so that
the exact numbers presented should be regarded with extreme caution. Further research is necessary to provide more precise
and validated estimates.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
996.
QING HUANG FASHENG LI MINXIN WANG YU WANG QINGBAO GU QUNHUI WANG 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):253-267
Photolysis behavior of a new herbicide propisochlor in water media as well as the effects of light sources, initial concentration of propisochlor, pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO) level, and salinity on the photolysis process was investigated. It was found that the relationship between initial concentration of propisochlor and its photodegradation rate was negatively correlated. The changes in acidity and alkalinity of the reaction medium influenced the photoreaction rate evidently. In the alkaline solution the degradation was accelerated. In the reaction media with different pH values, the photolysis followed the first-order kinetics. The presence of dissolved oxygen may promote the photolysis and there existed an optimum of dissolved oxygen concentrations. Increasing the DO level can weaken the promotion and even have an adverse effect. It was demonstrated that with dissolved oxygen the photodegradation of propisochlor followed the first-order kinetics equation. The addition of salt ions Ca2+ and Mg2+ changed the ionic strength and solvent polarity, resulting in the effect on propisochlor photolysis. The photoproducts were detected by both HPLC and GC-MS methods. It was found that photolysis products varied under different light sources. Conclusions may be reached that in the photodegradation of propisochlor, the benzene ring remained intact under irradiation of both solar light and high-pressure mercury lamp, and the amido link was relatively stable, while dechlorination was liable to take place; moreover, α-hydrogen at the substituent of benzene ring was active. 相似文献
997.
基于耕地综合价值的土地征收补偿标准研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
由于现行耕地征收补偿仅对耕地的农业经济价值以及部分就业保障价值进行补偿,忽视了耕地的其他价值,导致了耕地征收中的一系列社会经济问题产生.因此,合理制定耕地征收补偿标准对于维护农民土地权益,保护耕地资源具有十分熏要的意义.论文从耕地资源综合价值角度出发,将土地征收补偿标准的构成分解为农业经济价值、社会价值和生态环境价值三部分,并分别采用收益还原法、成本替代法和支付意愿法对他们进行量化测算,并以江苏省南京市为例进行了实证研究.结果表明,按照耕地资源综合价值建立征地补偿标准,农民将比现行征地补偿多获得6.6倍的补偿金,而且由于新的征地补偿能有效将耕地的外部性价值如社会稳定价值和生态环境价值等内部化,清除了耕地征收中的市场失灵,更有利于耕地资源非农化配置效率提高.此外,由于新的征收补偿标准远低于现行的建设用地基准地价,因此,该标准在经济上是可行的,社会可接受的. 相似文献
998.
999.
The objective of this study was to establish relationship between boron induced oxidative stress and antioxidant system in Vigna radiata plants and also to investigate whether brassinosteroids will enhance the level of antioxidant system that could confer tolerance to the plants from the boron induced oxidative stress. The mung bean (V. radiata cv. T-44) plants were administered with 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0 mM boron at 6 d stage for 7 d along with nutrient solution. At 13 d stage, the seedlings were sprayed with deionized water (control) or 10−8 M of 28-homobrassinolide and plants were harvested at 21 d stage to assess growth, leaf gas-exchange traits and biochemical parameters. The boron treatments diminished growth, water relations and photosynthetic attributes along with nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase activity in the concentration dependent manner whereas, it enhanced lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, accumulation of H2O2 as well as proline, and various antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of mung bean which were more pronounced at higher concentrations of boron. However, the follow-up application of 28-homobrassinolide to the boron stressed plants improved growth, water relations and photosynthesis and further enhanced the various antioxidant enzymes viz. catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and content of proline. The elevated level of antioxidant enzymes as well as proline could have conferred tolerance to the B-stressed plants resulting in improved growth, water relations and photosynthetic attributes. 相似文献
1000.
土地利用/覆被变化是生态环境演变最重要的因素之一,其研究对于促进区域生态经济协调发展有重要意义。根据1976年和2006年玛纳斯河流域两期遥感影像资料,基于生态经济学的最新方法采用卫星遥感技术以及Costanza等的生态系统服务价值评价手段,对期间玛纳斯河流域生态服务系统服务功能价值变化进行分析研究。结果表明:①玛纳斯流域土地利用结构变化在30年间表现为草地、林地、不断减少,而耕地、水域、沙地和建设用地不断增加,反映出人类因素及生态环境恶化的趋势;②该流域生态系统服务功能价值总额由1976年123.831 08元减少至2006年101.521 08元。减幅:18.02%,年均减少0.741 08元,通过对玛纳斯河流域生态系统服务功能价值进行评价,为玛纳斯河流域生态开发和治理,以及环境整治提供决策依据。 相似文献