转野生荠菜凝集素基因棉花对赤子爱胜蚓的影响

在实验室条件下分别给赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)饲喂在自然状况下可能接受的棉叶最高添加量和2倍最高添加量的转野生荠菜凝集素(WSA)基因棉花(Gossypium hirsutum)叶片,并以其亲本棉花叶片为对照,以牛粪为阴性对照,以农药为阳性对照,研究种植转WSA基因棉花对赤子爱胜蚓死亡率、生长及繁殖的影响。结果表明,在49 d的试验周期内,与取食亲本棉花叶片的赤子爱胜蚓相比,取食转WSA基因棉花叶片的赤子爱胜蚓的死亡率,体质量,GST、SOD、纤维素酶活性以及蚓茧数和小蚯蚓数均无显著差异,未发现转WSA基因棉花对赤子爱胜蚓有不利影响。     

施用城市污泥对杨树土壤化学特性及金属含量的影响

采用温室盆栽方法,研究城市污泥对杨树土壤化学特性、金属含量的影响。实验设置6个处理：4个不同用量的污泥处理：30（S1）、60（S2）、90（S3）和120 t.hm-2（S4）,以及对照（Control：不施加污泥和肥料）和无机复合肥处理（F：1.5 t.hm-2）。结果表明,施用污泥后,土壤有机质、全氮及全磷均提高,且随污泥施用量的增加而增加。S1~S4处理的土壤有机质、全氮及全磷较Control处理分别提高了32.50%~52.05%、32.00%~95.30%及75.43%~236.25%;较F处理分别提高了47.60%~69.37%、35.04%~99.70%及77.10%~239.46%。但污泥施用降低土壤pH和全钾质量分数,土壤pH较Control和F处理分别下降了0.11~0.42和0.01~0.32,但仍呈弱碱性;土壤全钾质量分数较Control和F处理分别降低了1.65%~21.51%和1.19%~21.14%。随污泥施用量的增加,土壤Cu、Zn、Ca和Na质量分数呈增加趋势,而Mn、Fe、Al、Mg质量分数呈降低趋势,其中Cu和Zn增加明显,并较Control处理分别增加了31.89%~104.36%和38.93%~358.02%,较F处理分别增加了23.10%~90.75%和37.88%~354.55%。总体而言,污泥施用于杨树后,可明显改善土壤的化学特性,但污泥施用量越大,土壤重金属Cu和Zn的质量分数残留越多。     

人工湿地污水处理系统中植物体系的构建与展望

植物是人工湿地系统中的重要组成成分之一,它不仅可以起到净化污水的作用,而且还为微生物提供生存环境,同时具有景观价值。因此要选择适应性强、生物量大、根系发达、具有抗逆性的植物作为湿地植物。由于陆生植物受季节影响小且易于管理,超富集植物和转基因植物具有较高的吸收、吸附和富集的作用的特点相继成为湿地系统中植物研究的热点。而且通过合理配置植物系统可以提高湿地系统净化效果。湿地植物仍存在受季节变化的影响,植物的衰退,植物收割的后续处理等问题,仍有待研究。随着对湿地植物研究的深入,人工湿地系统一定会获得更加广阔的应用前景。     

五氯酚胁迫对转基因杨树光合光响应特性的影响

以从美国引入的转基因杨树(Populus deltoides×nigra,DN34)为材料,设置0、50、100 mg·kg~(-1)三个五氯酚胁迫质量分数开展温室盆栽试验,利用Li-6400便携式光合作用测量系统研究五氯酚污染胁迫下转基因杨树对光强的生理响应.结果表明:与对照相比,相同光强下50和100 mg·kg~(-1)质量分数的五氯酚胁迫均降低了转基因杨树叶片的净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、胞间CO_2摩尔分数(C_i)和气孔导度(G_s).因此高质量分数五氯酚比低质量分数五氯酚对转基因杨树光合作用产生更大的抑制响应.     

常绿-半常绿杨树对磷素的利用特性

缺磷是限制农林业产量的一个重要因子,传统的农林业生产主要通过施肥和土壤改良来满足植物对磷的需求,近年来人们开始发掘磷高效利用植物来替代传统方法提高磷的利用效率.A-65/27、A-65/31及A-61/186是目前世界上仅有的3个常绿杨树无性系,共同特点是容易扦插繁殖,造林成活率高,生长快,材质好.3个无性系的推广将极大地丰富南方用材林树种资源.为揭示磷素胁迫条件下常绿杨无性系对土壤中磷素的利用特性,通过沙培试验,设计5个磷素处理水平(磷的质量浓度依次是0.00、0.0310、0.0619、0.1239、0.1858 g·L~(-1)),进行不同磷素处理水平下常绿杨生长及生理生态特性的研究.结果表明:当磷的质量浓度为0.0619 g·L~(-1)时已经能满足常绿杨生长对磷的基本需求;磷素不足会明显的影响到常绿杨的生长.低磷胁迫下常绿杨高度、地径及生物量明显降低;低磷胁迫下光合速率也明显下降,通过对气孔导度及胞间二氧化碳浓度的变化趋势分析,导致光合速率下降的主要原因是非气孔限制因素,同步叶绿素荧光的测定表明光系统Ⅱ受到了一定的影响,这是非气孔限制因素之一.     

速生杨木粉尘最小点火能的实验研究

为防止木材加工中木质粉尘燃爆事故的发生，以纤维板生产中常见的原材料速生杨木粉尘作为研究对象，在分析粉尘粒径分布、元素分析、工业分析及形貌特征的基础上，采用1.2 L哈特曼管对3种不同粒径（0~50，＞50~96，＞96~180 μm）速生杨木粉尘进行最小点火能实验，探究点火延迟时间、喷粉压力、质量浓度和粒径分布对速生杨木粉尘最小点火能的影响及变化规律。研究结果表明:在质量浓度为500 g/m3时，分别增加点火延迟时间和喷粉压力，最小点火能都先减小后增大；最佳点火延迟时间和最佳喷粉压力分别为120 ms和120 kPa；粒径对最佳点火延迟时间和最佳喷粉压力无显著影响。在点火延迟和喷粉压力分别为120 ms和120 kPa条件下，最小点火能随质量浓度的增加先减小后增大。粉尘粒径与最小点火能呈正相关性，3种样品的最小点火能分别为1~3，1~3和7~13 mJ，对应的敏感质量浓度分别为500 ，750和1 250 g/m3，属于特别着火敏感性粉尘。     

塔里木河胡杨林生境特性及其治理措施

概述了塔里木河绿色走廊－胡杨林的分布、植物学、生物生态学特性，分析了塔河流域生境恶化的现状及原因，并提出治理和改善塔河生态环境，保护绿色走廊的措施和方法。     

Studies in the Biodegradation of 5 PAHs (Phenanthrene,Pyrene, Fluoranthene,Chrysene und Benzo(a)pyrene) in the Presence of Rooted Poplar Cuttings

Cuttings of Populus nigra L. cv. Loenen were cultivated in sand treated with one of the following PAHs: phenanthrene (Phen), fluoranthene (Flt), pyrene (Pyr), chrysene (Chr) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). The PAHs were applied at varying levels of concentration to each test series. After 6 weeks the concentration and the distribution of the PAHs in the substrate of the various sets of tests were compared with the concentration in the substrate of the control. Additionally the substrate and the plant roots were tested for evidence of degradation products of PAHs. The results revealed that the levels of concentration of Phen and Pyr detected in the substrate surrounding the roots was in some cases significantly lower than in the corresponding section of substrate in the unplanted set (= control). This phenomenon did not occur for Flt and BaP and in the case of Chr only in those substrates, which had been treated with the highest levels of concentration. As the presence of lesser amounts of Phen and Pyr in the plant pots cannot only be attributed to their accumulation and metabolism in the roots, it is fair to assume that the chemical transformation of these three PAHs took place outside the roots. The set of tests treated with Phen revealed the presence of 2- or 3-hydroxy-Phen (main components), a hydroxy-methoxy-Phen, 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone and one unidentified compound in metabolite form. Altogether eleven metabolites of Pyr were identified in the root extracts, which can be divided into three groups: 1-Hydroxy-Pyr and derivatives, dihydroxy-Pyr and derivatives and ring fission products (4-Hydroxy-Pyr and a derivative of the 4-Phen-carbonic acid). However, the metabolite mass detected for Phen and Pyr represents only an insignificant percentage in comparison with the lesser amounts of PAHs observed in the planted set of tests. This indicates that the three PAHs were reduced to lower molecular compounds, which are methodically impossible to record, and subsequently translocated to other parts of the plant and integrated into the biomass. Although no lesser amount for Flt and BaP was found in the plant pots, 1-Hydroxy-Flt, an unidentified compound of Flt and 1-Methoxy-BaP were detected. These are presumably end products which were enhanced in the roots. It was not possible to identify any transformation products of Chr. It can be assumed that the majority of metabolites were not synthesised in the roots but are a result of microbial degradation in the rhizosphere. The test plants improved the conditions for the biotransformation of Phen and Pyr significantly and accumulated Flt, Pyr, Chr and BaP in their roots. It can therefore be concluded that the use of plants in the bioremediation of contaminated soils is a promising option.     

遗传资源经济价值评价研究

初步建立了比较完整的遗传资源经济价值评估的框架、体系、平台 ,初步评估了人体基因、野生大豆、BT转基因棉的经济价值 ,为遗传资源市场化和国际遗传资源惠益分享提供科学依据 ,为进一步研究提供参考。     

双农杆菌共转化获得无标记转pepc基因的水稻植株

利用双农杆菌/双质粒的共转化系统获得了无选择标记转pepc基因的水稻植株.采用两个农杆菌EHA105转化粳稻品种台粳9号幼胚诱导的胚性愈伤组织,其中一个农杆菌内的质粒表达载体的T-DNA区仅含有目的基因pepc,另一个的T-DNA区含有选择标记基因hpt和GUS报告基因.获得抗性愈伤的转化率为9.2%.85.3%的抗性愈伤分化成T0代株系,其中78.8%的T0代植株为GUS阳性转基因植株.PCR分析表明,在78个T0代GUS阳性植株(来源于23个抗性愈伤组织)中共有35个植株(来源于7个抗性愈伤组织)含有pepc基因,即在23个GUS阳性株系中发生共转化株系的频率为30.4%.7个共转化的株系中有5个株系自交产生后代植株中含有无标记转pepc基因植株,其比例为71.4%.无标记的转pepc基因水稻植株中PEPC活性平均比对照提高8.8倍;与非转基因对照植株相比,转pepc基因水稻植株表现出更强的光合能力.图5表3参26