二苯甲酮对斑点叉尾鮰鱼卵巢细胞生长的影响

试验通过直接、间接两种染毒手段来探讨二苯甲酮(benzophenone)对斑点叉尾鮰鱼卵巢细胞(CCO)生长的影响,以MTT法为手段测定染毒前后CCO细胞的存活数量和各阶段的生长状态,结果发现:当二苯甲酮以1～10μg/mL的浓度直接作用于CCO细胞时,CCO细胞生长在不同阶段均受到抑制作用:在指数增长期细胞生长速率减小,稳定期的存活量约为正常条件下的72%～91%,并且随着二苯甲酮浓度的增大,对CCO生长的抑制效应也相应的加剧;但是1μg/mL浓度的二苯甲酮在经过斑点叉尾鮰鱼原代肝细胞代谢后间接作用时,其代谢产物对CCO的生长在各阶段又呈现明显的促进作用,稳定期细胞数量约为正常条件下的109%。     

Toxicity of metalaxyl,azoxystrobin, dimethomorph,cymoxanil, zoxamide and mancozeb to Phytophthora infestans isolates from Serbia

A study of the in vitro sensitivity of 12 isolates of Phytophthora infestans to metalaxyl, azoxystrobin, dimethomorph, cymoxanil, zoxamide and mancozeb, was conducted. The isolates derived from infected potato leaves collected at eight different localities in Serbia during 2005–2007. The widest range of EC₅₀ values for mycelial growth of the isolates was recorded for metalaxyl. They varied from 0.3 to 3.9 μg mL^?1 and were higher than those expected in a susceptible population of P. infestans. The EC₅₀ values of the isolates were 0.16–0.30 μg mL^?1 for dimethomorph, 0.27–0.57 μg mL^?1 for cymoxanil, 0.0026–0.0049 μg mL^?1 for zoxamide and 2.9–5.0 μg mL^?1 for mancozeb. The results indicated that according to effective concentration (EC₅₀) the 12 isolates of P. infestans were sensitive to azoxystrobin (0.019–0.074 μg mL^?1), and intermediate resistant to metalaxyl, dimethomorph and cymoxanil. According to resistance factor, all P. infestans isolates were sensitive to dimethomorph, cymoxanil, mancozeb and zoxamide, 58.3% of isolates were sensitive to azoxystrobin and 50% to metalaxyl. Gout's scale indicated that 41.7% isolates were moderately sensitive to azoxystrobin and 50% to metalaxyl.     

红江橙器官发生及其影响因素

以红江橙（CitrussinensisOsbeckcv.‘Hongjiang’）实生苗的根尖、下胚轴、子叶、上胚轴、茎段及叶片为材料进行培养，结果表明：上胚轴、茎段出芽率较高，分别为978％（45／46）及70．7％（29／41）.ρ（MT＋BA）1mg·L-1对上胚轴出芽效果较好，ρ（BA）升高，出芽率随之下降红江橙愈伤组织的诱导，其适宜的培养基为MT＋2，4-D05＋BA（KT）1（ρ／mg·L-1）NAA与BA（或ZT）结合有利于红江橙愈伤组织的分化，低浓度的BA效果较好些，随BA浓度升高，分化率下降红江橙不同外植体诱导的愈伤组织，分化能力也有差异，子叶愈伤组织更易分化，分化率可达357％（15／42）；胚诱导的愈伤组织次之，其分化能力随着分化前培养时间的延长而下降无根苗诱导生根，其适宜的培养基ρ（MT＋NAA）1mg·L-1．     

Differences in the quality of steamed hull-less barley and wheat cakes北大核心CSCD

In this study, three different hull-less barley varieties were used to prepare steamed cakes, and their nutritional value, sensory qualities, textural properties, and in vitro starch hydrolysis were evaluated. The results showed that the contents of total dietary fiber (4.50%-5.12%), β-glucan (2.96%-3.96%), total flavonoids (12.56-38.73 mg/100 g), and γ-aminobutyric acid (5.08-9.53 mg/100 g) in the steamed hull-less barley cakes were significantly higher than that in the steamed wheat cake, which were 0.65%, 0.23%, 3.93 mg/(100 g), and 2.63 mg/(100 g), respectively. The sensory properties of steamed ordinary hull-less barley and wheat cakes were not significantly different, but the steamed 08-1127 (waxy hull-less barley) cake was softer and out of shape. The springiness, resilience, cohesiveness, gumminess, and adhesiveness of steamed ordinary hull-less barley cakes were similar to those of steamed wheat cake, while those of steamed 08-1127 cakes were significantly lower than those of steamed ordinary hull-less barley cakes. Steamed hull-less barley cake also showed a maximum starch hydrolysis rate (38.76%-42.74%) that was lower than that of steamed wheat cake (49.92%), and the contents of rapidly (11.58%-13.16%) and slowly digested starch (5.34%-7.56%) were lower than that of steamed wheat cake (17.21% and 15.97%, respectively). In addition, the glycemic (59.37-61.67) and hydrolysis indexes (35.82-40.00) were lower than those of steamed wheat cake (76.66 and 67.30, respectively), and the contents of resistant starch (2.74%-3.55%) were higher than those of wheat steamed cake (1.68%). Therefore, the steamed cakes of ordinary hull-less barley had a higher content of nutritional components than the steamed cake of wheat, and the in vitro starch hydrolysis parameters were better than those of steamed wheat cake. When it is necessary to consider both nutritional and sensory qualities, ordinary hull-less barley can be selected as the raw material for steamed cakes, but waxy hull-less barley is not suitable for making steamed cakes. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Vegetarian Meat: Could Technology Save Animals and Satisfy Meat Eaters?

Between people who unabashedly support eating meat and those who adopt moral vegetarianism, lie a number of people who are uncomfortably carnivorous and vaguely wish they could be vegetarians. Opposing animal suffering in principle, they can ignore it in practice, relying on the visual disconnect between supermarket meat and slaughterhouse practices not to trigger their moral emotions. But what if we could have the best of both worlds in reality—eat meat and not harm animals? The nascent biotechnology of tissue culture, originally researched for medical applications, holds out just such a promise. Meat could be grown in vitro without killing animals. In fact, this technology may not just be an intriguing option, but might be our moral obligation to develop.     

百喜草茎叶发酵前后甲醇溶提物对离体条件下AM真菌的生长效应

发酵前后百喜草（Paspalum notatum Fl     

典型POPs的生物降解修复技术研究与发展

生物吸附与降解是解决持久性有机污染物（POPs）最有潜力的方法之一,有必要介绍利用微生物把目标污染物转化为易降解的物质甚至矿化的POPs修复原理及其技术。对此,概述了近年来国内外基于微生物通过膜融合、胞质融合和核融合形成能够降解POPs的杂种细胞的细胞融合技术;基于降解性质粒的相容性,把能够降解不同污染物的质粒组合到一个菌种中,形成多质粒的新菌种,使微生物由于代谢途径的改变能够矿化POPs的基因工程菌构建技术;基于通过某些载体把酶固定于其中实现活性稳定、可以回收及可重复利用的酶固定化技术,以及基于降解菌活性酶分子亚基置换、降解菌活性酶的定点突变、降解酶的体外定向进化这几方面的酶构建技术;进一步分析基于分子生物学提高POPs生物修复能力的原理,指出经生物技术改造的工程菌和固定化酶未能进入实际应用的障碍所在。以多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）的微生物细胞吸收和降解机理作为典型POPs生物修复的案例,强调生物降解的过程强化需要建立多尺度上功能方面的适合;提出了分子生物学与基因工程学的结合在解决POPs环境污染方面未来的基础科学问题与研究思路。综合上述,典型POPs的生物修复技术的构建需要考虑宏观污染物协同降解的工艺理论,在基因水平、分子水平、反应器水平及工程水平上追求更高功能方面的适合。     

Caco-2细胞模型评估金属人体生物有效性的研究进展

随着环境重金属污染的加剧和营养学的发展,人们越来越重视对重金属元素及营养金属元素肠道吸收过程的探讨及其生物有效性影响因素的研究。Caco-2细胞模型能有效的模拟人体小肠上皮细胞的转运与吸收过程,可结合基因技术、分子技术等手段用于研究人体肠道吸收物质的机制和影响因素。首先,总结了近年来利用Caco-2模型对镉、铬、铅、砷等多种重金属及铜、铁、锌、钙等多种营养金属在小肠内的吸收、转运方式、代谢机制及影响吸收、转运过程的各类条件等的研究工作,然后对Caco-2细胞模型研究方法及其在未来评估金属人体生物有效性的应用进行了展望。     

Reproductive toxicity of organic extracts from petrochemical plant e uents discharged to the Yangtze River, China

Water pollution of the Yangtze River in China became one of challenges that the government is facing today.Increasing numbers of petrochemical plants were built along the river in past decades,and numbers of organic chemicals were discharged into the river.Our goal was to establish in vitro system on rat sertoli cells,spermatogenic cells and leydig cells to investigate the reproductive toxicity potential induced by organic extracts from petrochemical effluents.Our results showed that the organic extract dep...