厌氧氨氧化-羟基磷灰石颗粒污泥系统的快速启动

为研究厌氧氨氧化-羟基磷灰石（Anammox-HAP）颗粒污泥系统的启动方法,采用厌氧氨氧化膨胀床反应器（AAFEB）,接种少量厌氧氨氧化污泥,通过调控基质浓度和水力停留时间,考察系统内污泥粒径及胞外聚合物（EPS）的变化,同时监测系统的脱氮除磷性能.结果表明,在低上升流速0.213~1.066m/h、Ca/P=5.5物质的量比的条件下,不断提高进水氮负荷,实现了Anammox颗粒污泥系统的启动.总氮、正磷酸盐去除率分别为（78.0±9.8）%、（63.8±9.9）%,总氮容积负荷达2.74kg/（m³·d）,在150d内培养出平均粒径为0.4mm的微颗粒污泥.颗粒的形态特征和元素分布检测表明其为Anammox-HAP颗粒污泥.随着颗粒污泥粒径的增加,EPS中的PS含量基本不变,PN从54.43mg/g增加到137.40mg/g,PN/PS从6.63提高到7.71.EPS中PN占比与粒径之间存在正相关,对污泥颗粒的形成起主要作用.     

Improving Anammox start-up with bamboo charcoal

Three Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactors were compared for Anammox enrichment using synthetic wastewater with Spherical Plastic (SP) and Bamboo Charcoal (BC) addition, and without carrier (CK). After four months of operation, the Anammox activity occurred in all reactors allowing continuous removal of ammonium and nitrite. Ammonium and nitrite removal efficiencies were all higher than 98% in steady phase with the effluent concentrations below 1 mg L⁻¹. The start-up time could be shortened from 117 to 97 d in CK and SP reactor to 85 d in BC amendment reactor. Quantitative PCR (q-PCR) analyses indicated a significant increase in the number of Anammox bacteria in BC amended reactor as compared with CK and SP during the entire start-up periods. The copy numbers of Anammox of 16S rRNA gene in the reactor with BC amendment could reach up to 6 × 10⁹ copies g⁻¹ Volatile Suspended Solids, around 22.5 times and 12.3 times greater than that in CK and SP reactor, respectively. BC addition could accelerate the start-up of Anammox and significantly increase the Anammox bacteria number.     

BTMT生物膜载体对厌氧氨氧化反应器启动的影响

采用两套厌氧氨氧化反应器R1和R2,研究了BMTM生物膜载体对厌氧氨氧化工艺启动特性的影响.结果表明,R1采用UASB反应器启动厌氧氨氧化反应器,经140d运行,对氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率仅达到54.6%和58.8%,氨氮与亚硝酸盐氮去除负荷之和仅为0.09kg/(m3×d),随后,向其上部投加0.6L BMTM载体,经过26d运行,氨氮及亚硝酸盐氮去除率分别迅速提升至92.5%和97.4%,R1的启动速度较之前有明显提高;R2采用BMTM载体启动上流式填料床生物膜反应器厌氧氨氧化工艺,经过83d的运行,氨氮及亚硝酸盐氮去除率分别达到83.6%和89.4%,氨氮与亚硝酸盐氮去除负荷之和达0.22kg/(m3×d),启动速度较R1大幅提高.     

氨氮废水的厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮研究

利用从厌氧污泥中筛选和驯化的厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）菌直接启动UASB反应器,通过缩短水力停留时间（HRT）提高系统运行负荷,探讨水力停留时间对模拟废水脱氮性能的影响。结果表明,（1）富含Anammox菌的颗粒污泥能够快速启动反应器（只需14d）。（2）连续91d的HRT测试期间,系统具有良好的脱氮性能,且随着HRT的缩短,系统的脱氮效率具有波动上升的特点。NH4＋-N、NO2--N和TN（总氮）的平均去除率超过70.0%。（3）系统总氮容积负荷（TNLR）和总氮去除负荷（TNRR）最大值（以N计）分别为2.04kg·m-3·d-1和1.56kg·m-3·d-1。（4）系统能够比较好的遵循Anammox生物脱氮的理论途径：NH4＋-N、NO2--N的去除速率与NO3--N的生成速率的比例为1？1.15？0.22,与其相应理论值（1？1.32？0.26）非常接近。     

Anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria: ecological distribution,metabolism, and microbial interactions

The unique characteristics of anammox bacteria were reviewed. Ecological distribution and nitrogen loss contributions were well documented. Ecological interactions between anammox bacteria and other organisms were discussed. Anammox (ANaerobic AMMonia OXidation) is a newly discovered pathway in the nitrogen cycle. This discovery has increased our knowledge of the global nitrogen cycle and triggered intense interest for anammox-based applications. Anammox bacteria are almost ubiquitous in the suboxic zones of almost all types of natural ecosystems and contribute significant to the global total nitrogen loss. In this paper, their ecological distributions and contributions to the nitrogen loss in marine, wetland, terrestrial ecosystems, and even extreme environments were reviewed. The unique metabolic mechanism of anammox bacteria was well described, including the particular cellular structures and genome compositions, which indicate the special evolutionary status of anammox bacteria. Finally, the ecological interactions among anammox bacteria and other organisms were discussed based on substrate availability and spatial organizations. This review attempts to summarize the fundamental understanding of anammox, provide an up-to-date summary of the knowledge of the overall anammox status, and propose future prospects for anammox. Based on novel findings, the metagenome has become a powerful tool for the genomic analysis of communities containing anammox bacteria; the metabolic diversity and biogeochemistry in the global nitrogen budget require more comprehensive studies.     

Insights into simultaneous anammox and denitrification system with short-term pyridine exposure: Process capability,inhibition kinetics and metabolic pathways

• Short-term effect of the pyridine exposure on the SAD process was investigated. • The SAA at 150 mg/L pyridine reduced by 56.7% of the maximum value. • Inhibition kinetics models and inhibitory parameters were indicated. • Collaboration of AnAOB, HDB and PDB promoted the SAD. • Possible metabolic pathways of nitrogen and pyridine were proposed. In-depth knowledge on the role of pyridine as a bottleneck restricting the successful application of anammox-based process treating refractory coking wastewater remains unknown. In this study, the effect of short-term pyridine addition on a simultaneous anammox and denitrification (SAD) system fed with 25–150 mg/L pyridine was explored. The short-term operation showed that the highest total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was achieved at 25–50 mg/L of pyridine. As the pyridine addition increased, the contribution of the anammox pathway in nitrogen removal decreased from 99.3% to 79.1%, while the denitrification capability gradually improved. The specific anammox activity (SAA) at 150 mg/L pyridine decreased by 56.7% of the maximum SAA. The modified non-competitive inhibition model indicated that the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of pyridine on anammox was 84.18 mg/L and the substrate inhibition constant (K_i) of pyridine for self-degradation was 135.19 mg/L according to the Haldane model. Moreover, high-throughput sequencing confirmed the abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia as the amount of anammox species decreased, while the amounts of denitrifiers and pyridine degraders significantly increased as the pyridine stress increased. Finally, the possible pathways of nitrogen bioconversion and pyridine biodegradation in the SAD system were elucidated through metagenomic analysis and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry results. The findings of this study enlarge the understanding of the removal mechanisms of complex nitrogenous pyridine-containing wastewater treated by the SAD process.     

盐度对厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)生物脱氮效率的影响研究

利用UASB反应器,采用厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）工艺处理模拟废水,经过106d无盐运行后,进行加盐试验（其盐度范围为0～33g.L-1,以NaCl计）,探讨盐度对Anammox菌脱氮效率的影响.结果表明：适合Anammox菌驯化的最初盐度为2.5g.L-1;当盐度≤30g.L-1时,随着盐度的增加,Anammox菌...     

复合式厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮性能研究

采用低速机械搅拌装置,以无纺布作为固定床的填料,把搅拌床与固定床的优点有机结合起来,设计一种复合式厌氧氨氧化反应器.在反应器中,生物滞留量相对较高,微生物的性状由接种时的碎絮状很快转变成颗粒状,短期内反应器系统的脱氮性能迅速提高,启动时间大为缩短.仅用38d,反应器中总氮去除速率稳定增长至1.9kg·m·-3d-1.随...     

新型厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮性能及过程动力学特性的研究

对新型厌氧氨氧化折流板反应器的启动和运行性能进行了研究,并对其过程动力学特性进行了分析.试验中采用了两种启动策略：一是固定水力停留时间（HRT）（24h）并逐步提高进水基质浓度,二是固定进水浓度并逐步缩短HRT.结果显示后者（低基质浓度高水力负荷）更利于厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动.当厌氧氨氧化反应成功启动后,消耗的氨氮亚硝...     

Analysis of key microbial community during the start-up of anaerobic ammonium oxidation process with paddy soil as inoculated sludge

A sequencing batch reactor(SBR)-anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox) system was started up with the paddy soil as inoculated sludge. The key microbial community structure in the system along with the enrichment time was investigated by using molecular biology methods(e.g., high-throughput 16 S r RNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR). Meanwhile,the influent and effluent water quality was continuously monitored during the whole start-up stage. The results showed that the microbial diversity decreased as the operation time initially and increased afterwards, and the microbial niches in the system were redistributed. The anammox bacterial community structure in the SBR-anammox system shifted during the enrichment, the most dominant anammox bacteria were Candidatus Jettenia. The maximum biomass of anammox bacteria achieved 1.68 × 10~9 copies/g dry sludge during the enrichment period, and the highest removal rate of TN achieved around 75%.