Screening of flocculant-producing strains by NTG mutagenesis

Screening of new microorganism being able to produce efficiently flocculants was carried out. A new model for screening efficient flocculant-producing strains was designed and tested. The results showed that this model for screening efficient flocculant-producing strains is very reliable and can greatly shorten the screening period. 13 flocculant-producing strains were isolated from activated sludge by conventional method. A strain, designated as HHE6, produced the bioflocculant with the turbidity removal 98% for kaolin suspension. Six of 13 strains selected as the original strains were treated with NTG as mutagen, and five mutant strains(HHE-P7, HHE-A8, HHE-P21,HHE-P24, HHE-A26) with high flocculation efficiency was obtained by selection, which exhibited the flocculation rate for kaolin suspension above 90%. Strains HHE6, HHE-P7, and HHE-P24 were classified as Penicillium purpurogenum, HHE-P21 as Penicillium cyclopium,HHE-A26 as Aspergillus versicolor and HHE-A8 as Aspergillus fumigatus, and it is hitherto unreported for biofloccutant-producing strains of Penicillium. The growth of the six strains(HHE6, HHE-P7, HHE-A8, HHE-P21, HHE-P24, HHE-A26) had similar curves, i.e. firstly increasing rapidly, keeping relatively constant then and finally decreasing gradually with cultivation time. The production of bioflocculants by strains showed the similar pattern to strain growth.     

Biological control of AFB1-producing Aspergillus section Flavi strains isolated from brewer's grains,alternative feed intended for swine production in Argentina

The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from brewer's grains on Aspergillus section Flavi growth and aflatoxin B₁ production. The Aspergillus strains tested were inhibited by all the LAB strains assayed. The isolates Lactobacillus brevis B20, P. pentosaceus B86, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis B87, L. brevis B131, and Lactobacillus sp. B144 completely suppressed the fungal growth and reduced aflatoxin B₁ production. In conclusion, LAB isolated from brewer's grains show a high inhibitory activity on fungal growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Further studies must be conducted to evaluate the success of in vitro assays under food environment conditions and to elucidate the antifungal mechanism of these strains.     

黄姜纤维素渣固态发酵生产蛋白饲料

利用酵母菌和黑曲霉对黄姜纤维素渣进行固态发酵生产蛋白饲料。研究了接种量、温度、固液比、发酵时间和通风量对发酵的影响。同时在单菌种发酵的基础上,对酵母菌和黑曲霉的混合发酵进行了初步探索,研究结果表明,混菌发酵的实验效果比单菌发酵的效果好。当条件为:黄姜纤维素渣25 g,加入脲0.53 g,KH2PO40.05 g,K2HPO40.05 g,Mg-SO40.05 g,NaCl 0.05 g,CaCl20.01 g,接种量为14%,温度30℃,固液比2∶1,发酵产物的蛋白质量分数可达到13.98%。     

高效苯降解菌的筛选鉴定及其在生物过滤塔处理苯的填料选择

从污水处理厂曝气池的活性污泥筛选出1株苯的高效降解真菌HD-3,经形态特征、ITS基因序列系统学分析,确定HD-3为杂色曲霉Aspergillus versicolor,该菌株8 d内对初始浓度439.3 mg/L和4 393 mg/L的苯的降解率分别为78.56%和33.96%。当苯的初始浓度为439.3 mg/L,HD-3降解苯的最适温度为30℃,最适pH为4.5。在此基础上,提出了采用不同填料生物过滤塔处理苯废气的工艺,并进行了实验研究,实验结果表明:(1)随着苯的浓度提高,苯的降解率逐渐降低。当苯的浓度为200 mg/m3时,煤质柱状活性炭生物过滤塔、生物陶粒生物过滤塔、竹材生物过滤塔的苯平均去除率(REave)分别为93.63%、93.16%和82.38%;当苯的进口浓度增加到3 000 mg/m3时,3种生物过滤塔的苯平均去除率(REave)分别为78.89%、68.43%和51.87%。(2)不同填料对苯的去除能力不同,煤质柱状活性炭>生物陶粒>竹材。     

黑曲霉固态发酵三七渣产淀粉酶的研究

以三七渣为基质,采用黑曲霉固态发酵产淀粉酶,考察了硫酸铵(氮源)添加量、三七渣粒径、固体培养基含水率、发酵温度、发酵时间、菌悬液接种量等因素对产淀粉酶效果的影响,并采用正交实验对发酵条件进行了优化。单因子实验结果表明,黑曲霉固态发酵三七渣产淀粉酶适宜的硫酸铵添加量为40～60mg/g(以干药渣计),最佳三七渣粒径为100目,最适固体培养基含水率为55%,最佳发酵温度为34℃,最适发酵时间为7d,最佳菌悬液接种量为10%(质量分数)。正交实验多重比较的结果表明,优化的发酵条件为:硫酸铵添加量50mg/g,发酵温度34℃,发酵时间5d,在此发酵条件下,黑曲霉固态发酵三七渣产生的淀粉酶的酶活可达84.15U/g(以湿物料计)。     

连续培养酱油曲霉（Aspergillussojae）产微生物絮凝剂的研究

为了利用廉价材料规模化生产微生物絮凝剂,以味精废水作为廉价培养基质,对酱油曲霉的摇瓶连续培养和发酵罐连续培养进行了研究。摇瓶中以5％的接种量进行连续培养,最适温度在30～33℃之间,每6h替换一次新鲜废水培养基,5次替换新鲜废水培养基后最大絮凝率仍达到97．8％。在发酵罐扩大连续培养中以5％的接种量接种后经过9h预培养达到稳定生产絮凝剂后,以4mL／min的补料流量进行连续培养,生产的絮凝剂产量达到2．392g／L,且最大絮凝率为98．1％。生产36h后对发酵系统中菌体进行稀释,使菌体量保持在50—200g／L之间可持续进行生产。     

Antimicrobial activities of flavonoids against bamboo-destroying fungi and molds

It is well-known that Poria vaporaria (Pers.:Fr.) Cooke, Paecilomyces variotii Bainier and Aspergillus niger are fungi and molds which destroy bamboo. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of antibacterial activity of 16 flavonoids in preventing the actions of these three bamboo-destroying fungi and molds (Poria vaporaria (Pers.:Fr.) Cooke, Paecilomyces variotii Bainier and Aspergillus niger). The results showed that baicalein(1) exerted the highest inhibitory effect on Poria vaporaria (Pers.:Fr.) Cooke and Paecilomyces variotii Bainier indicating that baicalein(1) may be considered as a potential agent to develop as natural bactericide to preserve natural bamboo.     

烟曲霉菌丝球吸附富里酸的性能及相互作用

采用投加烟曲霉菌丝球方法去除水中的富里酸,研究了pH值、吸附时间、不同富里酸初始浓度、温度、以及菌丝球的投加量对烟曲霉菌丝球吸附富里酸的影响,并利用傅里叶红外光谱技术(FTIR)分析了烟曲霉菌丝球与富里酸的吸附官能团的相互作用。结果表明:烟曲霉菌丝球对富里酸有较好的吸附效果,在最佳pH 4时对富里酸的吸附量为9.49 mg/g;吸附时间10 min时,存在吸附量突降现象,45 min时对富里酸的吸附量最大,随后稍降低至不变。随着富里酸初始浓度的增大,烟曲霉菌丝球对富里酸的吸附量也随着增大。但随着烟曲霉菌丝球的投加量的增大,对富里酸的吸附量逐渐减少。吸附过程中,烟曲霉中的氨基与富里酸分子中的羧基发生了一定的化学作用,同时与羟基等基团形成氢键,为吸热过程。     

A04-60氨基烘干磁漆抗霉性能研究

目的研究添加和未添加防霉剂的A04-60氨基烘干磁漆的抗霉性能。方法对添加和未添加防霉剂的A04-60氨基烘干磁漆样件进行霉菌试验,并对菌种进行分离、纯化和鉴定。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析涂层老化、变质特征。结果分离并鉴定出侵蚀菌种,获得了霉菌对A04-60氨基烘干磁漆涂层的侵蚀特征。结论添加防霉剂显著提高了A04-60氨基烘干磁漆的抗霉性能,黑曲霉是侵蚀A04-60氨基烘干磁漆涂层的主要菌种,并造成涂层疏松,且侵蚀孔洞结构随霉菌试验时间的增长而变得粗大。