Comparison between UV and VUV photolysis for the pre- and post-treatment of coking wastewater

In this study, ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis were investigated for the pre-treatment and post-treatment of coking wastewater. First, 6-fold diluted raw coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. It was found that 15.9%-35.4% total organic carbon (TOC) was removed after 24 hr irradiation. The irradiated effluent could be degraded by the acclimated activated sludge. Even though the VUV photolysis removed more chemical oxygen demand (COD) than UV, the UV-irradiated effluent demonstrated better biodegradability. After 4 hr UV irradiation, the biological oxygen demand BOD₅/COD ratio of irradiated coking wastewater increased from 0.163 to 0.224, and its toxicity decreased to the greatest extent. Second, the biologically treated coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. Both of them were able to remove 37%-47% TOC within 8 hr irradiation. Compared to UV, VUV photolysis could significantly improve the transparency of the bio-treated effluent. VUV also reduced 7% more ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), 17% more nitrite nitrogen (NO₂^--N), and 18% more total nitrogen (TN) than UV, producing 35% less nitrite nitrogen (NO₃^--N) as a result. In conclusion, UV irradiation was better in improving the biodegradability of coking wastewater, while VUV was more effective at photolyzing the residual organic compounds and inorganic N-species in the bio-treated effluent.     

阿替洛尔在模拟太阳光照射下的光解

以1000W氙灯为光源,研究了阿替洛尔在模拟太阳光照射下的光降解行为,采用HPLC和SPE-LC-MS技术鉴定了阿替洛尔在250～600nm波长照射下的主要光解产物并提出了可能的光解途径.探讨了溶液pH值、硝酸根离子浓度、腐殖质和碳酸氢根离子等因素对阿替洛尔在模拟太阳光照射下光解的影响.结果表明,阿替洛尔在模拟太阳光下的直接光解很难发生,且改变溶液pH值不能促进直接光解.而在250～600nm波长照射下,阿替洛尔4h光解率达42%,光解途径主要有母体羟基化和支链的断裂反应.在模拟太阳光照下,NO3-对阿替洛尔光解有显著的光敏化作用,而富里酸(SRFA)光敏化作用微弱.HCO3-抑制了模拟太阳光照下阿替洛尔在NO3-溶液中的光解,腐殖质则通过自由基淬灭和内滤机制抑制了阿替洛尔在NO3-溶液中的光解.     

过碳酸钠降解水相中罗丹明B的实验研究

以水相中的罗丹明B为研究对象,考察了不同条件下过碳酸钠对罗丹明B染料废水的降解作用。结果表明:在一定浓度范围内,过碳酸钠初始浓度与罗丹明B去除速率呈正相关性。碱性和加温能加快反应速率,当温度超过35℃时,罗丹明B褪色率达到90%以上只需要30min。实验还考察了MnO2和254nm的紫外灯对反应的催化作用,结果表明,254nm的紫外灯其能有效的加快反应的进行。     

Conversion characteristics and mechanism analysis of gaseous dichloromethane degraded by a VUV light in different reaction media

The photodegradation of gaseous dichloromethane (DCM) by a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light in a spiral reactor was investigated with different reaction media and initial concentrations. Through the combination of direct photolysis, O₃ oxidation and HO. oxidation, DCM was ultimately mineralized into inorganic compounds (such as HCl, CO₂, H₂O, etc.) in the air with relative humidity (RH) of 75%-85%. During the photodegradation process, some small organic acids (including formic acid, acetic acid) were also detected and the intermediates were more soluble than DCM, providing a possibility for its combination with subsequent biodegradation. Based on the detected intermediates and the confirmed radicals, a photodegradation pathway of DCM by VUV was proposed. With RH 75%-80% air as the reaction medium, the DCM removal followed the second-order kinetic model at inlet concentration of 100-1000 mg/m³. Kinetic analysis showed that the reaction media affected the kinetic constants of DCM conversion by a large extent, and RH 80% air could cause a much lower half-life for its conversion. Such results supported the possibility that VUV photodegradation could be used not only for the mineralization of DCM but also as a pretreatment before biodegradation.     

Ag-AgIO3改性BiOI光催化剂湿法脱除气态单质汞

采用沉积沉淀-光还原法制备了不同AgIO₃含量的BiOI光催化剂,利用X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和电子自旋共振对其物理化学结构进行表征,在光催化反应器上研究了AgIO₃负载量、光照、溶液温度、pH值、SO₂和NO对气态单质汞（Hg⁰）去除性能的影响.结果表明,与BiOI相比,Ag-AgIO₃改性后光催化剂的脱汞性能大幅提高.当AgIO₃负载量为4wt.%时,光催化剂的脱汞效率高达98%.与NO相比,SO₂对脱汞性能的抑制作用更大.由于Ag和AgIO₃在BiOI表面的高度分散性,Ag-AgIO₃（4%） BiOI的可见光吸收性能明显提高.荧光灯辐照与Ag-AgIO₃/BiOI光催化剂协同会产生大量的活性物种.在Ag-AgIO₃/BiOI光催化剂的高效脱汞体系中,超氧阴离子自由基（·O₂^-）为最主要的活性物质,而空穴（h⁺）和羟基自由基（·OH）次之.     

微波无极灯:一种具有前景的高效光催化光源

微波无极灯具有制造容易、价格低廉、能耗小和光强大等优点。作为光催化氧化的光源时,由于微波的协同作用可有效提高光催化活性,并能简化反应器。从发光机理、微波协同作用、优缺点和影响因素等方面,对微波无极灯在光催化领域的研究进行详细阐述。     

高强紫外球形灯光解氧化硫化氢气体

提出了采用可产臭氧的高强球形紫外灯光解氧化硫化氢气体。考察了硫化氢初始浓度、湿度、含氧量、停留时间对硫化氢去除效率的影响。实验结果表明，硫化氢浓度在低浓度范围内，对硫化氢的去除效率可以达到99％以上。反应体系内气体湿度比含氧量对硫化氢的去除效率的影响更明显。气体湿度控制在45％～60％和反应停留时间控制在6～10s范围内为最佳。高强紫外球形灯处理硫化氢过程分别存在直接光解和臭氧氧化作用及两者的协同作用。     

Characteristics of mercury emission from linear type of spent fluorescent lamp

In order to recycle the linear type of SFL (spent fluorescent lamp), mercury from SFL should be controlled to prevent leaking into the environment. For mercury emission from SFL, mercury concentration is estimated in the parts of SFL such as glass tube, phosphor powder, and base cap using the end-cutting unit. It is also evaluated mercury emission in the effluent gas in the end-cutting unit with changing flow rate. From the results of mercury emission from SFLs, phosphor powder has greater than 80% of mercury amount in SFL and about 15% of mercury amount contained in glass tube. The initial mercury concentration in vapor phase is almost decreased linearly with increasing airflow rate from 0.7 L/min to 1.3 L/min. It is desirable that airflow rate should be high until the concentration of mercury vapor will be stable because the stabilized concentration becomes to be low and the stabilized time goes to be short as increased airflow rate. From KET and TCLP results, finally, phosphor powder should be managed as a hazardous waste but base-cap and glass are not classified as hazardous wastes.     

氘灯对原子吸收法测定高盐废水中镉含量的影响

在石化行业中,由于采气废水多为高舍盐废水,如果按照地表水、地下水的测试方法对其重金属指标进行测试,其测试结果和真实值之间存在较大的偏差。本研究中采用火焰原子吸收法对影响吸收的背景进行氘灯扣除,得到了一种适合于高含盐废水体中镉含量测定的分析方法。通过实验验证,该方法相对误差在8．75％以内,检测限0．0042mg／L,回...