重大危险源普查与建立重大事故预防控制体系

本简要介绍了重大危险源普查技术方法和北京、上海等6城市重大危险源普查结果。论述了重大事故预防控制体系要素，包括重大危险源普查(辨识)、评价、安全管理、应急计划、安全规划、安全监察，GIS网络监控系统等。     

新藏公路(新疆段)沿线道路病害及成因初析

新藏公路新疆段横跨塔里木盆地与昆仑山两大地貌单元，沿线泥石流、滑坡、水毁、崩塌、坍塌、碎落、雪害、涎流冰、翻浆和多年冻土等道路病害类型多样，发生频繁，不时断道阻车，严重影响着新藏公路的通行。该段沿线地质构造错综复杂，新构造运动和地震活动强烈，地形起伏大，地貌类型多样，气候条件多变，冰川作用强烈，以及人为不合理的建设活动和现有道路设计标准低、承灾能力差等，促进了各类道路病害的形成和发展。随着全球气候变暖、太阳活动和地震活动的加强，道路病害将进人新的活跃期，防灾形势十分严峻。     

中国近海石油污染现状及防治

概述了本世纪初我国近海海域石油烃类污染状况，并对海洋环境中石油烃类的存在形式、源、汇以及转化过程作了详细介绍，讨论了石油污染对海洋的危害，论述了石油烃类污染分析防治的各种措施及其优缺点，提出了对当前和今后研究的一些建议。     

结合历史大震的反演探讨砖石古塔的抗震变形能力

通过对1604年泉州海外721级大震进行反演,得到该次地震在泉州东、西塔塔址的基岩水平峰值加速度和基岩水平加速度反应谱;然后,结合试验测定的场地岩土力学性能,采用一维等效线性化波动法计算土层地震动反应,得到塔址地表水平加速度时程;接着,基于MATLAB平台,结合地震危险性分析结果,采用Wilson-θ法自编程序,对东、西塔进行结构弹性时程动力分析,并根据史料记载的东西塔在这次地震中的破坏状况,得到东、西塔的弹性层间位移角限值。与相关文献的结果相比,两者数值上相差不大,但本文的分析方法更符合当前的认知水平。本文结果可供古石塔抗震变形验算和震害预测参考。     

建设项目职业病危害评价中的关键问题探讨

在我国现有的建设项目职业病危害评价相关的法规标准中,有许多不够清晰和明确之处。技术改造和改建、扩建项目的辅助设施评价的范围界定不明确,建设项目建设过程中以及外包或转包工作中的职业危害评价,临时聘用人员的职业健康体检与培训等没有包括在评价范围之内。另外,相关的法规标准中,存在制定的接触限值标准的覆盖面有限,检测标准不配套,定量评价方法较为薄弱,部分符合标准的很难简单地评价结论等问题。针对存在的问题,该文进行分析,并提出使之完善的建议,以切实落实《职业病防治法》,真正保障从业人员的身体健康。     

湖南主要地质灾害与地形地貌之关系

湖南是我国地质灾害的高发区,地形地貌类型复杂多样。利用以往的资料、野外调查及G IS技术,结合湖南省地貌图,对湖南主要地质灾害进行分析,绘出灾害点分布图。结果表明:湖南主要地质灾害集中分布于湘西北、湘西、湘南和湘东地区;与低山、低中山、中中山和喀斯特山原等地貌类型关系密切。     

Economic resilience to natural and man-made disasters: Multidisciplinary origins and contextual dimensions

Economic resilience is a major way to reduce losses from disasters. Its effectiveness would be further enhanced if it could be precisely defined and measured. This paper distinguishes static economic resilience—efficient allocation of existing resources—from dynamic economic resilience—speeding recovery through repair and reconstruction of the capital stock. Operational definitions are put forth that incorporate this important distinction. The consistency of the definitions is examined in relation to antecedents from several disciplines. The effectiveness of economic resilience is evaluated on the basis of recent empirical studies. In addition, its potential to be enhanced and eroded is analyzed in various contexts.     

可移动危险源事故应急救援的响应与启动初探

在对可移动危险源事故案例的调研基础上,分析和探讨可移动危险源事故的原因及应急处置现状。结合对可移动危险源动态安全监控的实践,对可移动危险源事故发生地点的不确定性、监管手段的缺乏、环境条件复杂等特性,提出了可移动危险源事故应急响应系统的几个组成部分及其功能;建立了应急救援启动程序;对可移动危险源事故信息反馈的各种异常情况下的报警与接警、事故信息的判断与应对及协调指挥机制、应急救援预案启动机制等关键问题给出了初步的解决设想;并提出了事故后能否及时报警、各级救援机构的关系等需进一步探索和解决的问题。     

Transfer of powders into flammable solvents overview of explosion hazards and preventive measures

This paper evaluates and analyses the explosion hazards associated with transfer operations of powders into large containers, hoppers and reactors, which may also contain flammable solvent vapours. The formation and characteristics of explosive atmospheres and the occurrence of process inherent ignition sources, such as static electricity are described. The most commonly applied preventive measures and technical equipment are outlined and discussed including their advantages and disadvantages.     

Coastal hazards and community-coping methods in Bangladesh

Addressing one of the most vulnerable coastal communities in Bangladesh, this paper explores people’s perception and vulnerabilities to coastal hazards. At the same time, it investigates the methods that communities apply to cope with different coastal hazards. Findings revealed that people perceived an increase in both the intensity of hazards and their vulnerabilities. In spite of having a number of socio-economic and locational factors enhancing their vulnerabilities, the community is creating their own ways to cope with these hazards. For different aspects of life like shelter, employment, water supply, and health, communities apply different coping methods that vary with the types of hazard. Efforts have also been made by governments and NGOs to manage coastal hazards. By highlighting both community-coping methods and efforts of development organizations, this paper attempts to devise an integrated approach for managing the coastal hazards that occur in Bangladesh.