垃圾焚烧中氯化物对重金属Cd迁移转化特性的影响

采用管式炉和模拟垃圾对垃圾焚烧中氯化物对重金属Cd迁移转化特性的影响进行了研究,使用ICP-AES(美国EPA消解方法)、SEM、EDS和XRD分析技术对重金属浓度、灰渣表面形貌、成分和灰渣X射线衍射物相等进行了分析.结果表明,氯化物的加入均使得97％以上的Cd分布于飞灰中,且随氯化物含量的增加在飞灰中的分布逐渐增加.有机氯PVC和无机氯NaCl含量的变化对Cd迁移分布的影响没有显著差别.PVC对Cd迁移分布影响受温度影响显著,550℃时Cd在飞灰中分布为80.51%,850℃时Cd在飞灰中的分布上升为97.91%,但在温度超过CdCl₂的熔点568℃后温度的影响较小.NaCl对Cd的迁移分布受温度影响不明显,加入NaCl后550℃时Cd在飞灰中分布为95.02%,1 000℃时在飞灰中的分布为96.58%.氯化物存在下停留时间对Cd迁移分布没有显著影响.底渣和飞灰的SEM/EDS和XRD分析表明,PVC和NaCl对Cd迁移转化作用机理不同.     

强化混凝去除微污染湖泊水浊度及TOC的研究

通过烧杯混凝试验和动态连续混凝试验,就混凝剂种类、投药量、pH值、水温等因素,研究强化混凝对水中浊度和TOC去除效果的影响。试验结果表明:PAC最佳投量为30mg/L,浊度去除率为90.19%,TOC去除率为38.2%,水温高于20℃时,聚合氯化铝对浊度和TOC去除率分别高达84.95%、33.18%以上。虽然pH值是影响有机物去除的主要参数,动态连续混凝试验表明,不改变pH值,强化混凝工艺依然能极大地改善出水水质,滤后水质浊度为0.1NTU,TOC为6.23mg/L。     

一起有机硅工厂燃爆事故的应急监测案例分析

本文介绍了绍兴市袍江工业区"2.20"浙江恒业成有机硅有限公司燃爆事故的应急监测,在监测过程中确立了气、水等环境介质作为监测对象,确定含硅有机物和氯化氢作为主要监测因子,并根据实际情况合理地选择了监测方法,以为事故的应急处理提供借鉴。     

气相色谱法测定空气和废气中氯乙烯的改进

因填充柱装柱繁琐,柱效低,最低检出浓度高,不能判别无组织废气中氯乙烯的浓度是否达到《大气污染物综合排放标准》（GB16297—1996）排放限值的要求;用毛细管柱能满足分析的要求。     

Metal chlorides loaded on activated carbon to capture elemental mercury

Activated carbon (AC) was considered to be an effective sorbent to control mercury in combustion systems. However, its capture capacity was low and it required a high carbon-to-mercury mass ratio. AC loaded with catalyst showed a high elemental mercury (Hg0) capture capacity due to large surface area of AC and high oxidization ability of catalyst. In this study, several metal chlorides and metal oxides were used to promote the sorption capacity of AC. As a result, metal chlorides were better than metal oxides loaded on AC to remove gaseous mercury. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and specific surface area by Brunauer- Emmett-Teller method (BET) analysis showed the main mechanisms: first, AC had an enormous surface area for loading enough MClx; second, Cl and MxOy were generated during pyrogenation of MClx; finally, there were lots of active elements such as Cl and MxOy which could react with elemental mercury and convert it to mercury oxide and mercury chloride. The HgO and HgCl2 might be released from AC’s porous structure by thermo regeneration. A catalytic chemisorption mechanism predominates the sorption process of elemental mercury. As Co and Mn were valence variable metal elements, their catalytic effect on Hg0 oxidization may accelerate both oxidation and halogenation of Hg0. The sorbents loaded with metal chlorides possessed a synergistic function of catalytic effect of valence variable metal and chlorine oxidation.     

O_3-脱硫灰-FeCl_3联合调理对污泥脱水性能的影响

以毛细吸水时间(CST)和滤饼含水率(Wc)为指标,探究O_3-脱硫灰-FeCl3联合调理对污泥脱水性能的影响。通过测定污泥各层胞外聚合物(EPS)含量、可溶性化学需氧量(SCOD)、Zeta电位以及红外光谱(FTIR),探讨了O_3、脱硫灰和FeCl_3调理污泥的作用机理。结果表明:O3-脱硫灰-FeCl_3联合调理污泥的效果明显好于O_3单独调理。SCOD和FTIR分析表明:部分EPS氧化分解为氨基酸、脂肪酸等小分子有机物或无机物,释放了部分表面吸附水和内部结合水。O_3能促进紧密粘附的胞外聚合物(TB-EPS)剥落;剥落的TB-EPS,部分转化为溶解性胞外聚合物(S-EPS)和松散粘附层胞外聚合物(LB-EPS),部分被Fe(OH)_3吸附。当O_3、脱硫灰和FeCl3投加量分别为85.72mg/g(DS)、400mg/g(DS)和60mg/g(DS)时,CST和Wc分别由1239.5s和83.69%降至204.3s和70.70%,脱水速度提高83.52%,脱水程度提高15.41%。     

纳米Fe_3O_4强化混凝-Fenton氧化预处理垃圾渗滤液

采用纳米Fe_3O_4与Fe Cl3制备复合混凝剂,利用混凝沉淀-Fenton氧化工艺预处理垃圾渗滤液原水,研究其处理效果。结果表明:在纳米Fe_3O_4投加量为2 g/L,Fe Cl3投加量为1.4 g/L时制备的复合混凝剂,在p H值为6.5,转速为300 r/min下快速搅拌1 min,转速为100 r/min下慢速搅拌30 min,沉淀时间为30 min的条件下,COD去除率为56.8%,ρ(COD)可由5 240 mg/L降低到2 264 mg/L;利用Fenton氧化处理混凝处理出水,在H_2O_2的投加量为5.5 g/L,n(H_2O_2)∶n(Fe2+)=4,p H值为6,反应时间为80 min,反应温度为25℃的最佳条件下,COD和氨氮的去除率分别为55.7%和40.1%,最终出水ρ(COD)和ρ(氨氮)分别为1 003 mg/L和670 mg/L;该组合工艺对垃圾渗滤液有较好的处理效果,COD、色度和氨氮的去除率分别为80.8%、59.5%和76.2%。     

造纸废水中有机氯化物的酶处理技术研究进展

目前用于造纸废水有机氯化物处理的酶包括：过氧化物酶、酪氨酸酶、酚氧化酶和木质素过氧化酶等,反应机理是,先通过酶反应形成游离基,然后游离基发生化学聚合反应生成高分子化合物沉淀,影响酶处理效率的主要因素包括污染物种类和浓度,酶的种类和浓度、ｐＨ、絮凝剂和吸附剂以及污染物之间的协同效应等。     

Experimental investigation of groundwater contamination by surface sources: Determination of adsorption capacity,diffusion, and sorption potential of selected anions in different soils

The present study investigated the fate and transport of two significant anions through soil to explore their potential as groundwater contaminants. The retention properties of chloride and sulfate in soils having several significantly different characteristics (soil‐1 and soil‐2) were determined using adsorption test and adsorption‐diffusion column experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity of chloride was 3.7 and 1.16 mg/g, respectively, in soil‐1 and soil‐2, with organic matter (OM) content of 3.92% and 4.69%, respectively. The sulfate adsorption obtained was 24.09% and 13.83%, respectively, in the two soils. The anions exhibited monolayer adsorption in the soils with replacement of hydroxyl ions from soils as the major mechanism of adsorption. On the other hand, the adsorption capacities obtained from the adsorption‐diffusion column experiment were about 100 times lower compared to that of the column tests of both of the soils. The maximum adsorption capacity of chloride was 0.03 mg/g and 0.01 mg/g, respectively, in soil‐1 and soil‐2, whereas that of sulfate was 0.04 mg/g and 0.03 mg/g. The empirical relation for depth of penetration (d) from a known spillage onto the soil surface was determined as a function of sorption capacity (S) and initial anion concentration (C) as d = 0.0073e^(?57S)C and d = 0.0038e^(?35S)C for chloride and sulfate, respectively.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的合成

为制备聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵絮凝剂,采用二步法制备了二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵单体,即在强碱性条件下由烯丙基氯和二甲胺反应先生成二收藏 －烯丙基叔胺,将该叔胺分离出来并再次加入烯丙基氯同会２丙介质中结晶析出委胺晶体。