Soil bacterial community characteristics of rice-rice-rape crop rotation北大核心CSCD

To investigate the characteristic changes in soil bacterial community under rice-rice-rape rotation in southern China, soil samples from a 30-year crop rotation and continuous cropping system were collected. Clone library and gene sequence analysis were adopted. The PCR amplification was carried out using universal primers of the 16S rDNA gene. The amplified fragments were then used to construct a clone library. The subclones were sequenced and analyzed. The experimental analysis showed that, in July 2015, and October and April 2016, the Shannon Wiener index and richness index of bacteria from the rotation treatment soils were higher than those of the continuous cropping treatment soil. The soil bacterial diversity of the rotation treatment was higher than that of the continuous cropping treatment. The results of BLAST analysis in the GenBank showed that Proteobacteria accounted 55% of total bacteria in the rotation treatment soil, whereas it accounted for 45% of total bacteria in continuous cropping treatment soil. Gemmatimonadetes accounted for 13% of the total bacteria in rotation treatment and 10% in the continuous cropping treatment. The proportion of Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetes in rotation soil was less than those in the continuous cropping soil. Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were the dominant flora in soil. The changes in the predominant bacteria affected the diversity of soil bacteria in rotation and continuous cropping. The sequence analysis showed that the dominant bacteria in the soil were Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria, which higher than those in the rice-rice continuous cropping treatment. The sequences similar to Chloroflexi were observed in the rice-rice-rape rotation soils, but not in the continuous cropping soils. The results showed that the soil microbial population is conducted by agricultural tillage, and rice-rice-rape rotation increased the soil bacterial abundance compared with that of the rice-rice continuous treatment. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

污泥高温好氧消化过程的生物多样性分析

模拟单级污泥高温好氧消化工艺进行批式试验,分析了不同消化时期污泥中挥发性固体物质(VSS)的去除率.同时,运用现代分子生物学手段对活性污泥中提取的细菌基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,扩增产物经变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分离,获得微生物群落的DNA特征指纹图谱,初步探讨了高温消化时微生物多样性对污泥稳定化的影响.结果表明:污泥高温好氧消化时,VSS降解速率较快,消化120h即可达到38%以上的去除率;温度对消化体系中微生物的种群结构影响较为明显,芽孢杆菌是高温(55℃)消化时的主要种群;消化过程中,体系内部优势微生物种群结构发生了较大改变,这种及时调整使整个消化体系能尽快适应外部环境变化,从而加快污泥稳定化进程.     

全程自养脱氮系统中氨氧化菌关键种群的变迁

全程自养脱氮是在高铵氮低溶氧条件下完全由自养菌群作用而将水中氮素脱除的现象。特异性扩增16SrDNA上的氨氧化菌特异的CTO基因片段,建立克隆文库并进行系统发育学分析,考察全程自养脱氮系统菌群驯化及退化过程中氨氧化菌的结构组成和其中关键种群的变迁,结果表明:在驯化过程中Nitrosospira属细菌和Nitrosomonas oligotropha细菌逐渐被能够耐受高氨氮低溶氧的Nitrosomonas europaea细菌所代替,后者可能是全程自养脱氮系统氨氧化步骤的主要参与者,而氨氧化菌的菌群演变可能并不是后来系统退化的原因。     

处理不同废水MBR系统中微生物群落结构的比较

为了研究膜生物反应器中微生物群落结构与系统处理效能的关系.为工艺改进提供依据,从4种处理不同水质的MBR污泥中提取细菌总基因组DNA,采用PCR-DGGE和克隆测序技术对系统中的微生物群落结构进行了解析,根据序列数据进行同源性分析并建立了系统发育树.结果表明,在长期稳定运行后不同MBR中形成了各自特有的生态群落,进水水质对总细菌的群落结构有着较大的影响,处理含有较复杂成分废水的反应器中,种群多样性较高,Shannon指数分别为0.77和0.78.总细菌中,主要优势种群以Proteobacteria纲(8个OUTs)和Bacillus属(2个OUTs)为主.不同反应器中氨氧化菌群结构较为相似,存在着相同的顶级优势群落;测序结果表明MBR中存在着多种亚硝化菌属,其中以亚硝化单胞菌属最为普遍,并鉴定出2株反硝化菌属UncuItured Achromobacter sp.和Uncultured denitrifying bacterium,说明反应器中可能同时存在多种硝化和脱氮途径.     

生活垃圾填埋操作方式对覆土中Ⅰ型甲烷氧化菌的影响研究

填埋场覆土中的甲烷氧化菌可削弱填埋场的温室气体释放,其中I型甲烷氧化菌对环境条件的改变反应灵敏.实验采用16S rDNA特异性聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)结合变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)基因指纹技术研究不同填埋操作方式,包括高密度聚乙烯膜(high-density polyethylene liner,HDPE)隔离、渗滤液亚表面灌溉和植被种植,对城市生活垃圾填埋场表层覆土中I型甲烷氧化菌的群落结构和多样性的影响.16S rDNA序列的系统发育分析结果表明,供试土壤中的I型甲烷氧化菌均属于甲基杆菌属(Methylobacter).从香农-威纳多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener diversity index)和主成分分析的结果可以归纳得到:渗滤液亚表面灌溉和植被种植比HDPE膜隔离对表层覆土中I型甲烷氧化菌群落结构的影响更大,它们会降低I型甲烷氧化菌的多样性,并且推测渗滤液亚表面灌溉会抑制Methylobacter的生长.无HDPE膜隔离的土壤中,即有填埋气体侵入的土壤中,随填埋气体作用于土壤时间的延长,I型甲烷氧化菌的群落结构会发生变化;覆土时间分别为3周、1.5 a和5 a的土壤中,I型甲烷氧化菌的香农.威纳多样性指数在覆土1.5a时达到最大值.     

污水处理厂活性污泥中甲烷袋状菌的分离与鉴定

利用亭盖特厌氧操作技术,从石家庄污水处理厂活性污泥中分离出一株产甲烷古菌QDW.该菌株为不规则球形,直径1-2μm,不产芽孢、革兰氏阴性、不运动、极端严格厌氧.最适生长温度为37℃,最适pH为7.0～7.5,最适盐浓度＜0.1 mol/L,以甲酸钠、乙酸钠、乙二醇、H2/CO2为底物产甲烷,不能利用甲醇、丙二醇和甲基胺...     

同时提取土壤微生物DNA和RNA方法的研究

获得高浓度、大片段、多样性程度高的土壤微生物总DNA是研究土壤微生物群落结构的分子生态学基础.研究采用PBS缓冲液洗涤土壤样品,结合SDS裂解微生物细胞的方法,同时提取分别添加小麦秸秆粉和油菜秸秆粉的两种土壤样晶的微生物DNA和RNA.对提取出的DNA和RNA进行酶切,基因组PCR和反转录PCR,实验结果表明该法提取的...     

一株萘降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性研究

从某焦化厂活性污泥曝气池中筛选出1株能够以萘为唯一碳源生长的优势降解菌株ZJ2H.通过形态学观察、生理生化试验、16S rDNA序列及系统发育学分析,确定菌株ZJ2H为解甘露醇罗尔斯顿菌(Ralstonia mannitolilytica).考察了初始底物质量浓度、投菌量、pH值、温度、盐质量浓度和转速等因素对该菌降解...     

16S rDNA 克隆文库法分析Biostyr 曝气生物滤池处理城市污水的细菌多样性研究

采用分子生物学手段16SrDNA克隆文库方法,对第三代生物膜法代表工艺Biostyr曝气生物滤池（BAF）中滤料表面细菌进行了多样性研究.从16SrDNA克隆文库中随机挑选了50个克隆子进行序列测定（约1.5kb）,对测序结果进行了BLAST对比.结果表明,BiostyrBAF系统中的细菌群落具有高度多样性,有41个克...     

1,2,4-三氯苯矿化菌的鉴定与功能分析

采用同位素示踪法从氯苯污染土壤中筛选到能高效降解1,2,4-三氯苯(1,2,4-TCB)为CO₂的细菌E3和F2,根据其表型特征、16S rDNA序列和荧光原位杂交(FISH)分析,鉴定E3和F2为博德特氏菌（Bordetella sp.）.E3和F2的16S rDNA序列相似性为100%;它们与菌株Bordetella sp. QJ2-5同源性最高,与Bordetella petrii(GDH030510)最接近,同源性分别为100%和99.4%.E3和F2能在含1,2,4-TCB的无机盐培养基中彻底降解1,2,4-TCB生成CO₂,30 d降解率达到90%以上,其中58%和46%矿化为CO₂,同时形成一定量的微生物生物量.