Interspecific association among main plant species in the unstable slope with high-frequency debris flow北大核心CSCD

To determine the characteristics of vegetation community structure and the relationship between species in the frequent watersheds of debris flow in fragile ecological environments, based on sample survey and 2 × 2 joint table techniques, we used analysis of variance test, χ2 test, Jaccard index, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test to study the main plant species correlations in the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone of the unstable slope. The analysis of variance test showed that all 45 species pairs had a significant negative correlation in the stable zone and instable zone, whereas there was no significant negative correlation in the deposit zone, which showed that the species had an independent distribution trend. The results from the different tests showed that there were 1 pair, 4 pairs, and 4 pairs from the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone, respectively, which had significant interspecific association under the χ2 test and the ratios of positive correlation pairs to negative correlation pairs were 0.55, 0.67, and 0.67 in the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone, respectively. There were 8 pairs, 5 pairs, and 5 pairs from the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone, respectively, which had significant interspecific association from the Pearson correlation analysis test, and the ratios of positive correlation pairs to negative correlation pairs were 0.36, 0.45, and 0.45 in the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone, respectively. There were 10 pairs, 6 pairs, and 9 pairs from the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone, respectively, which had significant interspecific association from the Spearman's rank correlation analysis test and the ratios of positive correlation pairs to negative correlation pairs were 0.5, 0.55, and 0.6 in the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone, respectively. The three test results showed general similarities but there were some differences. Most species pairs did not reach a significant level in the three zones and the number of negatively related species was more than the number of positively related species. In brief, this loose interspecific relationship indicates that the entire plant community was not stable, and the interspecific relationships among species are susceptible to environmental interference in the ecologically fragile areas of the debris flow basin. Therefore, rational selection and configuration of species should be applied to promote community structure development and ecological environmental improvement in vegetation restoration process areas with high-frequency debris flow. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

岩质高边坡运营安全风险评估指标体系研究

为建立高速公路岩质高边坡风险评估指标体系,针对指标选取代表性不足、指标分级阈值缺少定量判据、指标获取困难等问题,采用逐坡普查与重点调查、工程地质类比与复核、现场监测与数值计算相结合的方法,提出了岩质高边坡运营安全风险评估指标体系。包括边坡断面几何特征、水的影响、边坡岩体结构、支挡加固设施及边坡破坏模式等5个一级指标与坡高、坡度等15个二级指标,并确定了量化分级标准与取值方法。评估结果表明:指标体系适用性较强,为后续评估运营安全风险奠定了基础。     

坡度和植被盖度对河岸坡面侵蚀产沙特征的影响

坡度和植被盖度是影响坡面土壤侵蚀的重要因子,探讨坡面土壤侵蚀产沙对坡度和植被盖度的响应,对坡面土壤侵蚀产沙的预测和调控具有重要意义。研究基于野外模拟径流冲刷试验,分析了不同坡度（5°、10°、15°、20°）和植被盖度（0、15%、30%）条件下坡面径流系数、泥沙量、时段径流含沙量和侵蚀泥沙粒径组成的变化过程,并运用双因素方差分析和相对贡献指数阐明黄河下游河岸坡面侵蚀产沙特征对坡度和植被盖度交互作用的响应。结果表明：不同植被盖度下坡面径流系数随冲刷历时增加而增加,在冲刷历时前5 min增幅较快,之后增幅变慢并趋于平缓;坡面径流含沙量随冲刷历时呈逐渐下降趋势,随后趋于平缓。坡度小于15°时,不同植被盖度之间的径流系数和时段径流含沙量差异较为明显,坡度大于15°后差异减小。侵蚀产生的泥沙量随冲刷历时和坡度的增加而增加;在同一坡度上,植被覆盖越低,侵蚀产生泥沙量越大。侵蚀泥沙的主要富集粒级中,Dx(10)以粉粒为主,Dx(50)以粗粉粒和极细砂粒为主,Dx(90)以极细砂粒和细砂粒为主。双因素方差分析表明,坡度对河岸坡面侵蚀产生的径流系数、产沙量和径流含沙量均有极显著影响（P<0.001）,植被盖度对产沙量和径流系数有极显著影响（P<0.001）,而坡度和植被盖度的交互作用仅对径流系数有显著影响（P<0.01）,同时相对贡献指数表明,在坡度和植被盖度对坡面侵蚀产沙的交互作用中,植被盖度的作用随坡度的增加逐渐减弱,而坡度的作用逐渐增强,并成为影响坡面水土流失的主导因素。     

云南昭通市坡地聚落空间特征及其成因机制研究

坡地聚落是我国山区聚落的重要类型,多处于生态条件差、经济落后的山区。随着国家主体功能区规划进入实施阶段,充分认知坡地聚落面临的生态、贫困、聚落重组、人口迁居等问题具有重要的现实意义。论文以云南省昭通市为研究地区,运用GIS方法详尽探讨其坡地聚落的空间特征,并从区域发展视角分析坡地聚落空间特征的成因机制。研究表明:昭通市具有坡地聚落比例高、聚落密度突出、聚落分散布局、人类活动强度高、民族聚落垂直分异等显著特点。特殊的区位、人口基数和高人口增长率导致了高密度的聚落分布;生态脆弱、贫困和单一的农业生产方式加剧了人类活动强度;低城镇化工业化水平、有限的城市集聚力与欠发达的商品经济是聚落分散态势的重要成因。     

创建环境保护总体规划在大连社会经济发展中的战略地位及实施思路

以建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会和生态宜居城市为总体目标,以全面贯彻落实科学发展观,促进经济增长方式转变和优化城市布局为主线,以建立良好的生态环境为核心,坚持环境保护与经济增长并重、与经济发展同步,全力推进生态文明建设,构建持续协调发展的生态经济体系、自然宜居的生态环境体系、责权明晰的生态环境执法和保障体系,建立了《大连市环境保护总体规划(2008—2020)》. 该规划的指标体系是以《生态市建设指标》、《大连市城市总体规划》和《大连市生态环境保护“十一五”规划》中的相关指标为基础,通过污染物排放量预测、环境容量分析、资源承载力分析,比较分析了发达国家主要城市的环境质量目标,综合考虑了环境质量标准而设定. 采用数值模拟,系统分析,动态分析,生态足迹,虚拟水计算,决策分析,SWOT分析和3S等技术方法,在大气与海域环境容量、生态功能分区、环境发展战略、生态承载力等方面大量理论研究的基础上,提出了包括大气环境规划、水环境规划、声环境规划、固体废物处置规划、核与辐射污染控制规划、工业布局与结构调整规划、自然生态系统规划、农村环境保护规划、环境风险防范以及环境管理能力建设规划等10个方面的规划. 《规划》通过全域谋划、统筹规划,有步骤、分阶段地解决制约经济发展和群众关注的环境问题,有效协调生态保护区和经济开发区的关系,最终实现“社会-经济-资源-环境”的可持续发展.      

分岔隧道火灾火源位置对临界风速影响的数值模拟分析

为探究分岔隧道火灾火源位置对临界风速的影响规律,使用数值模拟方法对火源位于分岔隧道分岔口前和分岔口后的火灾场景下的临界风速进行研究.研究结果表明:火源位于分岔口后的主隧道时,临界风速明显大于火源位于分岔口前的临界风速;在一定范围热释放速率下,分岔隧道临界风速与热释放速率的1/3次方成正比;在分岔隧道模型中,相同热释放速...     

Effects of Neutral Posture on Muscle Tension During Computer Use

This study focused on developing a new approach to seated work positions as conducted on 67 office workers who use a Visual Display Terminal (VDT) as a major function of their working day. Muscle tension was measured by surface electromyography (sEMG) while participants were asked to adopt 4 selected working postures. Pain was measured before and after ergonomic intervention on the Nordic scale, which was modified for this study. Adjustable workstations were used to place participants in desired positions during the clinical testing sessions and the extended intervention period. Results indicate the effects of this ergonomic intervention may have positive effects on muscle tension and pain, significant enough to encourage employers to implement training and workstation modifications following these guidelines.     

含地下采空区岩质边坡的施工过程数值分析

为研究含地下采空区的岩质边坡在施工过程中的各种响应与稳定性,采用SURPAC建立某磷矿的三维地质模型。在边坡坡顶、坡角与采空区四周布置应力与位移监测点。利用接口程序将三维模型导入FLAC3D,计算露天边坡开挖过程中监测点的应力与位移。计算结果表明:坡顶与坡角水平位移与竖向反弹位移随着边坡开挖的进行越来越大,但每步开挖完成后新增的反弹位移越来越小,这与每步开挖的卸载量大小有关。坡顶监测点处于拉应力状态,坡角监测点处于压剪应力状态,在监测点所在位置开挖时,压应力显著变大。地下空区的开挖过程对空区的竖向位移与应力有极大影响,最大主应力在每步开挖完成时突然增加,且增幅很大。建议在施工过程中,加强对采空区与边坡坡顶及坡脚的位移与应力的量测,以确保施工安全。     

基于CDEM露天煤矿顺倾软岩边坡三维稳定性分析

为解决露天煤矿顺倾层状软岩边坡稳定性这一技术难题,基于连续介质离散元数值模拟方法,从理论上探讨了降深与清帮至不同位置对顺倾软岩边坡稳定性的影响。结合白音华一号矿南帮工程实例,针对各煤层降深及清帮方案,基于CDEM数值算法对边坡稳定性进行计算,对比分析了坡体位移、应力分布及演化特征,进而阐明多个弱层对复合边坡产生的叠加效应,以及清帮减载对边坡稳定性的影响。结果表明,白音华一号矿首采区南帮边坡变形不会对南排土场稳定性造成影响,揭露多个弱层对边坡变形与稳定性下降有一定的叠加效应,清帮不能显著提高边坡稳定性,但可减小作用在弱层上的法向应力和剪切应力,进而减缓滑坡发生的过程,提高边坡动态发展过程中的安全性。     

长江口海域黄色物质光吸收特性

研究了长江口海域黄色物质(CDOM)的光吸收特性,分析了CDOM浓度、光谱斜率Sg及其与盐度的关系,最后探讨了研究海域CDOM的来源.结果表明:长江口表层水CDOM的吸收系数α(440)变化范围为1.152～8.751 m-1 ,平均为4.9282 m-1,Sg值的范围分别为0.0034～0.014 nm-1,平均值为0.0168 nm-1,盐度与α(440)线性相关性明显(R2 = 0.9952).长江口区黄色物质的来源为长江径流.