聚合硫酸铁制备及其净水处理应用

讨论了以FeSO4·7H2O和H2SO4为原料,以HNO3为催化剂通入空气氧化铁(Ⅱ)制备聚合硫酸铁的主要影响因素。实验表明:[SO42-]/[Fe]总=1.35～1.40为较合适的投料比例;HNO3的投料量约为原料FeSO4·7H2O投料的4%,反应温度为60～90℃,搅拌速度为400～600r/min,反应时间4h。反应后期pH基本不变;产品对活性大红溶液的净水处理结果较为满意,脱色率98.8%,COD的去除率为92%。     

废电池极性材料在硝酸中的溶解条件

废锌锰电池极性材料在一定条件下可以较好地溶解于硝酸中，其液固质量比及H2O2加入量对溶解过程有较大的影响。采用正交实验的方法得出硝酸溶解废旧锌锰电池极性材料的适宜条件为：硝酸浓度6mol／L、液固质量比13．6、H2O2质量分数2．5％、反应温度60℃、反应时间25min。     

硝酸及氯离子对高温硝酸铵水溶液热危险性的影响研究

国内外学者对硝酸铵的危险性进行了大量的研究,而对其水溶液的危险性至今开展不多。笔者采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)及全自动反应量热仪(RC1e)对高温状态下的硝酸铵水溶液的热分解危险性、杂质离子对其稳定性的影响进行了研究。纯硝酸铵和90%硝酸铵水溶液的DSC实验表明,90%硝酸铵溶液和分析纯硝酸铵具有相似的热爆炸危险;90%硝酸铵水溶液在140~180℃之间的RC1e试验表明:硝酸或氯离子单独存在时,对硝酸铵分解都有不同程度的抑制作用,而同时存在时则大大降低体系的热稳定性。该结果对保障硝酸铵在生产、使用过程中的安全具有重要的参考价值。     

弹性填料净化受污染入湖河流的现场试验研究

利用新型弹性填料作为生物膜载体,将其直接布置在林庄港河道中,研究在不影响河流生态系统结构和使用功能的前提下,弹性填料对河流微污染水体的强化净化效果.现场试验在挂膜成功后共运行了半年.结果表明,弹性填料对氨氮的去除效果最好.它在整个运行期间对高锰酸钾指数的平均净去除率为5.4%,其中最高为9.9%;氨氮净去除率在5.35%～39.91%,总磷的净去除率最高也达到了28.6%.同时细菌学检验结果表明,高锰酸钾指数的去除率与附着在填料丝上的异养菌的数量存在正比关系;而亚硝酸菌和硝酸菌的数量也与氨氮的去除率变化相匹配.     

测定废水中总磷的两种预处理方法的比较

对测定总磷含量的两种预处理方法即过硫酸钾和硝酸-硫酸消解方法进行了对比实验。这两种方法均为国家环保部认可的标准方法,经实验证明其精密度和准确度都符合要求。     

Characterization of condensed phase nitric acid particles formed in the gas phase

The formation of nitric acid hydrates has been observed in a chamber during the dark reaction of NO2 with O3 in the presence of air. The size of condensed phase nitric acid was measured to be 40–100 nm and 20–65 nm at relative humidity (RH) 6 5% and RH = 67% under our experimental conditions, respectively. The nitric acid particles were collected on the glass fiber membrane and their chemical compositions were analyzed by infrared spectrum. The main components of nitric acid hydrates in particles are HNO3 3H2O and NO3?? xH2O (x> 4) at low RH, whereas at high RH HNO3 H2O, HNO3 2H2O, HNO3 3H2O and NO3?? xH2O (x> 4) all exist in the condensed phase. At high RH HNO3 xH2O (x 6 3) collected on the glass fiber membrane is greatly increased, while NO3?? xH2O (x > 4) decreased, compared with low RH. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to report that condensed phase nitric acid can be generated in the gas phase at room temperature.     

Anoxic biodegradation of dimethyl phthalate （DMP） by activated sludge cultures under nitrate-reducing conditions

Worldwide extensive use of plasticized plastics has resulted in phthalates pollution in different environment. Nitrates from industry and agriculture are also widely disseminated in the soils, natural waters and wastewaters. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) biodegradation by activated sludge cultures under nitrate-reducing conditions was investigated. Under one optimized condition, DMP was biodegraded from 102.20 mg/L to undetectable level in 56 h under anoxic conditions and its reaction fitted well with the first-order kinetics. Using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, mono-methyl phthalate (MMP) and phthalic acid (PA) were detected as the major intermediates of DMP biodegradation. When combined with the determination of chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal capacity and pH, DMP was found to be mineralized completely under anoxic conditions. The biodegradation pathway was proposed as DMP → MMP → PA → … → CO2 H2O.The molar ratio of DMP to nitrate consumed was found to be 9.0:1, which agrees well with the theoretical stoichiometric values of DMP biodegradation by nitrate-reducing bacteria. The results of the non-linear simulation showed that the optimum pH and temperature for the degradation were 7.56 and 31.4℃, respectively.     

硝酸异辛酯储运过程中稳定性研究

为研究硝酸异辛酯在储存及运输过程中的危险特性,有效预防和减少事故的发生,按照危险货物分类测试程序,通过隔板、克南、时间压力、撞击、摩擦等试验对硝酸异辛酯的固有危险性进行了评价;利用热分析技术考察了不同温升速率、水及酸雨等条件对硝酸异辛酯的热分解特性的影响.结果表明:硝酸异辛酯在相对封闭空间内遇热量、火焰、爆炸冲击及外部的机械刺激条件下表现出轻微的燃爆危险性,但不足以将其按照爆炸品进行管理;随着温升速率的增加,硝酸异辛酯热分解起始放热温度也逐渐增大,而水和酸雨均对硝酸异辛酯的分解具有促进作用,与纯硝酸异辛酯相比,其反应起始放热温度分别降低了12.4℃和27.2℃,放热量分别增大了387.439J/g和568.076J/g,失控分解危险性大大增加.     

硝酸异丙酯对单基推进剂的安定性能影响研究

目的研究云爆剂中硝酸异丙酯渗漏对单基推进剂的安定性能影响。方法利用加速量热仪(ARC)对单基推进剂在混合硝酸异丙酯环境下的热分解情况进行研究,确定热分解特性参数,并通过速率常数法计算出动力学参数。结果得到了其绝热分解的温度、压力时间曲线,发现在混合硝酸异丙酯后,样品起始热分解温度和表观活化能基本不变。结论硝酸异丙酯对单基推进剂的起始分解温度和活化能没有明显影响,不会危害其热安定性能。     

土壤中总铬测定方法改进

采用《土壤质量总铬的测定火焰原子吸收分光光度法》(GB/T 17137-1997)测定土壤中总铬时,需用硫酸、硝酸、氢氟酸消解,再用盐酸溶液定容.由于硫酸的共沸最高温度为317 ℃[1],在熔样时要将硫酸产生的SO3完全赶尽较困难,现用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解土壤的标准样品和实际样品,同时消解并绘制工作曲线(简称工作曲线法),再通过标准加入法测定样品,可取得较为满意的结果.