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排序方式: 共有461条查询结果,搜索用时 578 毫秒
91.
崇明东滩候鸟自然保护区的动态变化 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在80年代末期的鸟类及其生境调查研究基础上,正式提出拟建的上海市崇明东滩候鸟自然保护区,5年来随着滩涂的游涨及90年代初期人工围垦的影响,滩涂自然植被和鸟类的种类,数量,分布也随之有了相应的相应的动态变化。该文在新的调查资料基础上,对崇明东滩鸟类赖以生存地自然植被恢复,候鸟食料的容量分析等作了研究;同时,还论述了崇明候鸟自然保护区的界线范围及其动态变化,以及保护区内部3个功能小区的动态等。 相似文献
92.
In this work,hydrothermal technique combined with KOH activation were employed to develop a series of porous carbons (NPCK-x) using tobacco stem as a low-cost carbon source and (NH4)2C2O4 as a novel nitrogen-doping agent.Physicochemical properties of NPCK-x were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller,field emission scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,Raman microscope,elemental analysis,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Results showed tha... 相似文献
93.
介绍了船舶在航更换压载水的各种方法,包括逐一更换法,注入顶出法和稀释法。并将各种方法从对船舶和船员的安全所造成的影响两方面进行了比较。 相似文献
94.
恒定横流底部多孔排放近区污水稀释扩散效果因素研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
借助于人工模型试验,分析了恒定横流底部多孔排放时扩散器设计参数(射流角度、射流速度、喷口个数)、上升管间距)及环境参数(环境水深、环境流速)对污水近区稀释扩散效果的影响,实验结果表明,除了环境条件对污水稀释扩散效果影响明显之外,扩散器设计参数对污水的近区稀释扩散也有显著的影响,针对白龙港排放口水域,喷口射流角度宜控制在10°左右,喷口个数取16个 相似文献
95.
The aims of this study were to explore the status of pollution and the temporal/spatial distribution of indoor and outdoor dust-Pb in the city of Kerman (SE Iran), located in a dry playa and arid climatic zone. Flat panes were laid at appropriate locations, in the indoor and the outdoor spaces of selected one-story houses in different areas of the city, to collect dust samples. Forty-two samples were taken and analyzed using the ICP-MS method. The measurements have shown that the outdoor dust-Pb concentrations varied from 23.7 to 275.2?mg kg?1, with a mean value of 71.8?mg kg?1, and indoor dust-Pb concentrations ranged from 47.6 to 150.2?mg kg?1, with a mean value of 89.6?mg kg?1. Based on these measurements, Pb was enriched in the outdoor and the indoor dust samples up to 48.8 and 29.4 times, respectively. Dilution, as a result of prevalence of geogenic dust in the outdoor space, is expected to be the main cause of the temporal differences. This study has shown that the eastern part of the city is more polluted compared to the other parts, and, because of the stable air conditions, the concentration of Pb in the summer dust is higher than the other seasons. 相似文献
96.
97.
Tamara Fraizer 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1997,41(6):423-434
I develop a state-based dynamic model of behavior to demonstrate that size-dependent differences in temperature tolerances
are not necessary to account for the activity of small male digger wasps late in the day. In the model, males defend or patrol
the nesting area, wait near nests, or feed away from the nesting area depending on time of day, energy reserves and size rank.
I assume a large male competitive advantage, so mating opportunities decrease with size rank for territorial or patrolling
males and are rare for all waiting males; the costs of patrolling or defense are higher than the costs of waiting. If energy
reserves of all males are initially small, all males alternate feeding and territorial or patrolling behavior. If energy reserves
are initially large, large males patrol or maintain territories until they risk starvation and leave the area to feed. At
this time, smaller males that have conserved their resources by waiting and feeding may defend territories or patrol. I simulate
the behavior of three populations representing two species of Microbembex by assuming large initial energy reserves for populations in which males were territorial and small initial reserves for
populations in which males patrolled, and then convert the predicted time of activity to temperature using local regressions
from field studies. Temporal patterns in the activity of large and small males were similar to those actually observed, and
relationships between size and temperature predicted by the model corresponded to most observations and were sometimes positive.
Thus, the delayed activity of smaller males does not correspond to activity at higher temperatures and is probably not attributable
to size-dependent thermal tolerances, but may represent a temporal displacement of mating activity due to intra-sexual competition
and mediated by energetics. The model makes testable predictions on the timing of feeding and depletion of energy reserves
in relation to size and initial energy state, and suggests how differences among species may influence the temporal and spatial
organization of male mating behavior.
Received: 27 February 1997 / Accepted after revision: 26 July 1997 相似文献
98.
Alberto Velando Roxana Torres Irene Espinosa 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2005,58(2):175-180
Sexual selection models suggest that female choice is based on male traits that indicate their genetic or environmental condition, consequently enhancing her reproductive success by direct or indirect benefits. We investigated the relationship between male foot colour and offspring condition in the blue-footed booby, a socially monogamous seabird, with conspicuous and variably condition-dependent coloured feet that are selected by females. In a cross-fostering experiment, we found that chick condition was related to the foot colour of the foster father and, to some extent, to the foot colour of the genetic father; thus overall, the fathers sexual ornamentation (genetic and foster) explained 32% of variance of chick condition. These data suggest that foot colour, a dynamic sexually selected trait, is mostly a signal of parental contribution. In species in which males provide parental care, females may choose mates with higher parental ability. Overall, our data suggest that colourful integuments are honest signals of parental ability.Communicated by J. Graves 相似文献
99.
The tactics of mutual mate choice and competitive search 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Rufus A. Johnstone 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1997,40(1):51-59
A model of mutual mate choice is described, formulated as a dynamic game, which yields predictions about mating behaviour
under the influence of time constraints, choice costs and competition for mates. These variables were examined because they
may result in a change in the distribution of qualities among unmated individuals of both sexes over the course of the breeding
season. The model predicts that mutual choice gives rise to assortative mating, although high costs of choice and/or inaccurate
assessment both lead to lower overall correlations between the qualities (or the attractiveness) of mates. When all individuals
are present from the start of the breeding season, the correlation between the qualities of individuals pairing at a given
time declines throughout the season, so that mates are more closely matched among individuals who pair early than among those
who pair late (and extra-pair copulation may thus be more common among the latter). Delayed arrival of lower-quality individuals
may, however, lead to an increase in this correlation with time during the early part of the season. The mean quality of unmated
males and females declines over time, because more attractive individuals tend to mate sooner. As a result of this decline,
and because of time constraints, superior individuals become less choosy as the season progresses. If choice is costly, however,
then inferior individuals become more selective with time during the early part of the season, and the level of choosiness
peaks later for such individuals.
Received: 28 March 1996 / Accepted after revision: 21 September 1996 相似文献
100.
A dynamic dilution system was used for the study of the influence of ozone on the sampling and storage of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) at 0, 4, 7 and 14 days in “TO-Can” canisters at two ozone concentrations, 60 and 150 ppbv. Among the 31 ozone
precursors VOCs, a representative mixture containing five alkenes, five aromatics, acetylene and 1,3 butadiene was selected
using the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. Here, we demonstrate that the presence of ozone have no influence on the concentrations
of VOCs after 14 days storage period and consequently no problem of representativity of the sampling appears after 14 days
of storage. The main explanation is the degradation of ozone in contact with deactivated walls of canisters. 相似文献