环渤海湾诸河口潜在生态风险评价

简要介绍了Hak■nson的生态风险指数法,并用该法对环渤海湾诸河口采集的19处底泥样品分析了汞、砷、铜、锌和铅对水域的污染程度及其对水域造成的潜在生态风险影响.结果表明,除海河口污染程度和潜在生态风险略高外,环渤海湾其他河口重金属及砷污染程度及其对水域造成的潜在生态风险较低.从环渤海湾诸河口总的污染程度看,各污染物对生态风险影响程度从大到小的顺序为:Hg＞As＞Cu＞Pb＞Zn.      

Changes Of Hydrological Environment And Their Influences On Coastal Wetlands InThe Southern Laizhou Bay, China

The structure and function of the coastal wetland ecosystem in the southern Laizhou Bay have been changed greatly and influenced by regional hydrological changes. The coastal wetlands have degraded significantly during the latest 30 years due to successive drought, decreasing of runoff, pollution, underground saline water intrusion, and aggravating marine disasters such as storm tides and sea level rising. Most archaic lakes have vanished, while artificial wetlands have been extending since natural coastal wetlands replaced by salt areas and ponds of shrimps and crabs. The pollution of sediments in inter-tidal wetlands and the pollution of water quality in sub-tidal wetlands are getting worse and therefore “red tides” happen more often than before. The biodiversity in the study area has been decreased. Further studies are still needed to protect the degraded coastal wetlands in the area.     

无居民海岛前大连岛的原自然海岸特征

确定自然海岸特征是海岸修复中的重要内容,但是在开发后弃管的无居民海岛却面临缺少历史资料参考的困难。在大连普兰店湾中部前大连岛的研究证明,依据历史影像和现存海岸地质地貌情况可以分析确定原自然海岸位置及性质。1972年KH 卫星影像表明当时的前大连岛仍然保持自然海岸形态,海岸位置在2020年海岸后 方的岛屿陆域内部。结合2020年海岸地质考察结果可以进一步确定1972年的前大连岛东部、西部分布海蚀崖形式的基岩海岸,南部、北部则分布砾石质海岸。1972—2020年,前大连岛自然海岸全部变化为人工海岸,海岸长度也从约2.38 km 增加至约3.12 km。     

Environmental Assessment of Aromatic Hydrocarbons-Contaminated Sediments of the Mexican Salina Cruz Bay

Concentrations of total aromatic hydrocarbons and extractable organic matter in the water column and sediment were determined in samples collected in the course of the last 20 years from the Salina Cruz Harbor, México, to assess the degree of organic contamination. In sediments, organic compounds accumulate in shallow areas mostly associated with extractable organic matter and fine fractions. Calculated geocumulation index and enrichment factors suggest that contamination could be derived from anthropogenic activities attributed to harbor and ship scrapping activities, as well as transboundary source. Concentration of total aromatic hydrocarbons (as chrysene equivalents) ranged from 0.01 to 534 μg l⁻¹ in water, and from 0.10 to 2,160 μg g⁻¹ in sediments. Total aromatic concentration of 5 μg g⁻¹ is proposed as background concentration.     

Distributions,Land-source Input and Atmospheric Fluxes of Methane in Jiaozhou Bay

CH₄ concentrations in both the surface and bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay were determined during four surveys in 2003, which showed variability with both seasons and tidal cycles. Atmospheric fluxes of CH₄ in Jiaozhou Bay showed obvious seasonal and spatial variations, with the highest values occurring in summer and the lowest in winter. The annual emission of CH₄ from Jiaozhou Bay was estimated to be . CH₄ in the water column of Jiaozhou Bay was found to come from several land-sources including riverine water input, sewage water input and groundwater input. The spatial and temporal variation in distributions and atmospheric fluxes of CH₄ in Jiaozhou Bay was influenced mainly by the input of polluted river waters and the sewage effluents along the eastern coast, which highlights the effects of human impacts on CH₄ emission rates.     

A conceptual approach to selection of a control measure for residual chlorine discharge in Kuwait bay

It is estimated that some 17 metric tons of residual oxidants (chlorine) are discharged into the enclosed coastal seawater of Kuwait on a daily basis from power-desalination plants alone. Alarmed by the unlimited number of reported cases of damage to marine aquatic systems due to chlorine discharge around the world, several alternatives were proposed to control such a massive discharge of residual oxidant into seawaters. Most of the proposed alternatives lacked the basic criteria necessary for their evaluation, justification, and then selection. The objective of this article is to provide a conceptual approach that can be used to select a control measure for residual oxidant discharge in Kuwait coastal seawaters. This approach is based on state-of-the-art knowledge and the unique operational and environmental factors involved. A matrix system was designed whereby the cost of residual chlorine control alternative, its effectiveness, and environmental and public health impact, performance, and reliability in Kuwait can be compared and evaluated. The selection approach considered currently operating power plants in terms of their engineering design and material (cast iron or steel condensers), current operational conditions, operator's perception, acceptability, and projected problems associated with the environmental management of proposed modifications. The proposed approach revealed that in Kuwait, conventinal chlorination was marginally superseded only by chlorination/dechlorination using SO₂ and operation alteration using process optimization. The overall cost-effective assessment matrix classified other alternatives as worse than chlorination by various degrees. Ozone and UV were found to be the worst and the least desirable alternatives for biofouling control of seawater in Kuwait. In light of the available information on the consequences of the Gulf War on the marine environment, and the potential formation of additional halogenated organic compounds through the reaction of residual chlorine with the released petroleum hydrocarbons, it is essential to control residual chlorine discharged into the nearshore environment of Kuwait.     

大亚湾沉积物中137Cs的环境容量研究

参照水、土壤环境容量研究方法，提出沉积物环境容量的定义，并根据系统中物质平衡理论建立模型，对大亚湾沉积物中的^137Cs环境容量进行了研究，计算了大亚湾内表层沉积物中^137Cs的静容量，并选择代表性生物，计算了近岸区的年动容量和总动容量。结果表明，计算得出的环境容量接近于目前沉积物中^137Cs年输入量，在控制年限内，将沉积物的输入量控制在该环境容量范围内，是大亚湾沉积物生态系统维持目前状态，不会出现明显恶化的保证。     

海湾扇贝苗运输环境条件的研究

在实验室条件下，研究了温度和湿度对海湾扇贝苗存活的影响；双结合生产性运输，研究了温度，溶解氧，运输季节和贝苗规格对运输贝苗存活的影响。担子同运输包装贝苗方法：１２ｈ以内的运输，用干贮法；１２－１８ｈ以内，用淋贮法，１８－２１ｈ以内，用水贮帆布桶法。２１－３４ｈ内，用水贮保温箱法。运输贝苗的主要条件是；低温，高湿度或足够的溶解适宜季节，适宜贝苗规格。     

Concentration level of heavy metals in the Great Wall Bay, Antarctica in austral summer

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胶州湾海泊河口水域水体的吸收、荧光特性与溶解有机碳的实验研究

实验研究了海泊河废水及其河口区水体的光学性质以及溶解有机碳(DOC)浓度,分析了光吸收系数(aCDOM)、最大荧光强度与DOC的关系.结果表明,海水中aCDOM在1.81～3.51 m-1内,平均值为2.39 m-1;而废水样品的aCDOM在0.59～16.23 m-1内,平均值为3.35 m-1.海水中aCDOM、光吸收指数斜率系数(S)、最大荧光强度以及DOC浓度都小于废水中相应的参数.水体中aCDOM、最大荧光强度以及DOC浓度三者之间均存在较好的线性关系.胶州湾东部海区海水中CDOM主要来源于海泊河排放的废水,由于水动力和潮汐作用较强而很快扩散,它们的浓度很快降低,在海泊河附近海区没有明显的积累.