加热工艺对微合金钢Ti、Nb固溶及奥氏体晶粒长大的影响

研究含Ti、Nb微合金钢HJ58轧制前不同加热温度和保温时间对Ti、Nb固溶量及奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响规律,讨论微合金元素Ti、Nb的存在状态及作用机理,提出了合理的加热工艺以指导生产。     

Liquid crystallinity of levan/water/starch solutions

Transmitted light measurements performed with a UV-visible spectrophotometer were used to characterize how starch affects the position of boundaries on the phase diagram for dilute aqueous solutions of levan (a branched polymer of fructose). Data were collected in the range 15 to 70°C; the minimum concentrations required for separation of a nematic phase and the minimum concentration required for a fully nematic solution were identified within this range. While hard interactions (repulsion between rod-like molecular segments) dictate the formation of a liquid crystalline phase at and above ambient temperature in the absence of starch, soft interactions become more significant as solutions are cooled toward ambient when starch is present. Small amounts of starch might be used as a filler to modify the mechanical properties (while retaining the process-related benefits) of levan films cast from liquid crystalline solution.     

污泥烧结轻骨料调质影响研究

研究了污泥添加不同比例的SiO₂,Al₂O₃,CaCO₃和Na₂CO₃后的烧结体建材性能,并从晶体相反应机理角度讨论了添加剂改变烧结体建材性能的作用机理.结果表明,添加硅、铝能显著提高烧结体的抗压强度,硅是玻璃体成陶组分,对提高烧结体的抗压强度主要发挥物理作用;铝主要与污泥中的磷反应生成类似石英结构的AlPO₄高强晶体. 添加钠能增加烧结体的熔融液相,降低烧结体的吸水率,但烧结体变脆抗压强度降低. 添加钙增大吸水率,降低抗压强度. 此外,硅、铝会导致烧结体烧结温度提高,钠则能显著降低烧结温度.      

Assessment of toxic metals in waste personal computers

Considering the enormous production of waste personal computers nowadays, it is obvious that the study of their composition is necessary in order to regulate their management and prevent any environmental contamination caused by their inappropriate disposal. This study aimed at determining the toxic metals content of motherboards (printed circuit boards), monitor glass and monitor plastic housing of two Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitors, three Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitors, one LCD touch screen monitor and six motherboards, all of which were discarded. In addition, concentrations of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) were compared with the respective limits set by the RoHS 2002/95/EC Directive, that was recently renewed by the 2012/19/EU recast, in order to verify manufacturers’ compliance with the regulation. The research included disassembly, pulverization, digestion and chemical analyses of all the aforementioned devices. The toxic metals content of all samples was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results demonstrated that concentrations of Pb in motherboards and funnel glass of devices with release dates before 2006, that is when the RoHS Directive came into force, exceeded the permissible limit. In general, except from Pb, higher metal concentrations were detected in motherboards in comparison with plastic housing and glass samples. Finally, the results of this work were encouraging, since concentrations of metals referred in the RoHS Directive were found in lower levels than the legislative limits.     

高浓度液晶废水处理研究

针对某化工厂液晶中间体生产废水,采用Fenton预处理+水解酸化+好氧+超滤反渗透工艺进行处理,发现Fenton技术具有良好的预处理效果,对COD的去除率在50%左右,且废水可生化性从原水的0.05提高至0.38,经过水解酸化及好氧单元的降解,废水ρ(COD)可降至150~200 mg/L,再通过超滤反渗透膜处理,COD浓度可降至50mg/L以下,达到GB/T 19923—2005《城市污水再生利用—工业用水水质》要求,出水可用作稀释水或厂内冷却用水。膜浓水通过自主研发的强化蒸发装置处理,可实现废水不外排。采用该工艺对厂内实际生产废水进行现场调试运行,处理规模为5 m~3/d,原水初始pH值为2.0~4.5,ρ(COD)为7 000~10 000 mg/L。稳定运行后,生化段出水pH值为7.5~8.0;ρ(COD)为150~200 mg/L,膜处理后ρ(COD)<50 mg/L,证明运行稳定可靠。     

AEO-7改性PbO2电极电催化降解结晶紫

通过在镀液中添加表面活性剂AEO-7,以不锈钢为基体,利用阳极氧化法制备了改性PbO2电极.同时,在结晶紫模拟废水中对比了改性前后PbO2电极的阳极极化曲线和塔菲尔曲线,并对质量浓度为10 mg·L-1的结晶紫模拟废水进行了电催化降解实验.实验结果表明,制备的改性PbO2电极对结晶紫废水的降解显示出了较好的电催化活性,最佳电解实验条件为:电解电流密度30 mA·cm-2,支持电解质Na2SO4浓度5g·L-1,处理温度35℃,在此条件下电解40 min后,结晶紫的去除率可达到90％以上.     

Effect of Sb dopant amount on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of Ti/Sb-SnO2 electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol

Ti/Sb-SnO_2 anodes were prepared by thermal decomposition to examine the influence',of the amount of Sb dopant on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of the electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol.The physicochemical properties of the Sb-SnO_2 coating were markedly influenced by different amounts of Sb dopant.The electrodes,which contained 5% Sb dopant in the coating, presented a much more homogenous surface and much smaller mud-cracks,compared with Ti/Sb-SnO_2 electrodes containing 10% or 15% Sb dopant,which exibited larger mud cracks and pores on the surface.However,the main microstructure remained unchanged with the addition of the Sb dopant.No new crystal phase was observed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol on the Ti/SnO_2 electrode with 5% Sb dopant was inclined to electrochemical combustion;while for those containing more Sb dopant,intermediate species were accumulated.The electrodes with 5% Sb dopant showed the highest efficiency in the bulk electrolysis of 4-chlorophenol at a current density of 20 mA/cm~2 for 180 min;and the removal rates of 4-chlorophenol and COD were 51.0% and 48.9%,respectively.     

晶种法处理含氟废水与氟化钙沉淀砂状化研究

采用晶种法对含氟废水进行了处理,考察了pH和Ca/F对出水F-浓度和CaF2沉降性能的影响,得到了含水率低、沉降性能好的砂状化CaF2颗粒.实验结果表明,晶种的加入对提高除氟效果、促进CaF2的砂状化有重要作用.当pH为中性偏酸性且0.5＜Ca/F＜1时,除氟效果较好且所得到的CaF2具有较好的沉降性能;当pH=5.5...     

晶硅切割废砂浆回收企业废水处理工程实例

晶硅切割砂浆中含有聚乙二醇(PEG)和碳化硅,可回收资源。回收过程中产生的废水中仍然含有PEG和碳化硅,以致废水中悬浮物浓度较高、可生化性差。工程设计采用"预沉淀+混凝沉淀+气浮+催化氧化+A/O生化"处理工艺,经过5个月的调试运行,出水COD、SS可达GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》三级标准。     

废弃液晶显示屏中液晶的回收与性能检测

为回收废弃LCD(液晶显示器)显示屏中的液晶,提出了“超声波辅助有机溶剂溶解液晶屏、膜过滤和减压蒸馏”的回收方法,并以TN-TFT显示模式的液晶屏为试验对象,对回收液晶的光电性能进行检测和相变分析,以评估其潜在的利用价值. 结果表明:方法的回收率达50%;收集物液晶特性明显,呈现出较宽的向列相温变区间和较高的清亮点温度,但纯度不高,达不到日常显示所用的液晶纯度要求(GCMS>99%);响应时间为33.2ms,可以满足日常LCD显示屏的要求;介电常数为4.71,折射率为0.089,虽与纯净液晶相比稍有下降,但可满足标准AM-LCD显示的参数要求;阈值电压为3.2V,比纯净液晶有所提高,可进一步去除离子性杂质进行提纯,以降低阈值电压.