Isomeric analysis of PCDD/PCDF in waste incinerator fly ash by GC-MS/MS

The development of an analytical method for the analysis of PCDD/PCDF in flyash using a bench analytical system comprising of a gas chromatograph fitted with an ion trap detector operated in the tandem MS mode is described. The optimum settings for the most important MS/MS parameters are given, including those for the less reported mono- to tri-chlorinated dioxin and furan congener groups. Flyash samples from three waste incineration plants representing a decommissioned 1970s plant design, an upgraded and still operating plant originally designed in the 1970s, and a modern 1990s design operating plant have been analysed for PCDD/PCDF. The flyash samples were analysed for PCDD/PCDF using the methods developed and the total PCDD/PCDF, I-TEQ values and isomeric profiles are reported. The flyash from the older decommissioned incinerator had very significantly higher concentrations of PCDD/PCDF compared to the modern incinerator flyash.     

吹扫捕集- GC/ M S- SIM法测定海水中挥发性有机污染物

采用吹扫捕集ＧＣ／ＭＳ－ＳＩＭ法测定水中挥发性有机物，具有定量准确、操作简便等特点，检测限可达ｎｇ／Ｌ级，适合天南地北水中低深度挥发性有机物的测定。测定实际海水样品，其浓度范围在０．４ｎｇ／Ｌ～１０００ｎｇ／Ｌ之间。     

灰色GM(1,2,M,N)在地面沉降预测中的应用

通过分析地面沉降过程与地下水开采量之间可能存在的时滞性以及非线性关系,将原有的灰色GM(1,2)模型改进为灰色GM(1,2,M,N)模型。通过对天津市塘沽、汉沽以及大港三区的沉降实例进行计算,发现新的模型能够较好地拟合和预测历史沉降过程,并且预测结果合理。     

碱性气体对鼠卵营养液M16和M2pH的影响

为了考察原核显微注射法制备转基因小鼠过程中Ｍ１６和Ｍ２鼠卵营养液的ＰＨ的影响因素,测定了不同存放条件下的Ｍ２和Ｍ１６营养液的ＰＨ,结果发现,Ｍ２ 完全开放的空气环境中放置７ｈ,ＰＨ升高２．６％（Ｐ〈０．００１）,在半封闭的实验环境中放置４ｄ,ＰＨ升高３．７％（Ｐ〈０．００１）;Ｍ１６在相对密闭的条件下放置７ｄ和１５ｄ,ＰＨ分别升高４．５％（Ｐ〈０．００１）和６．４％（Ｐ〈０．００１）,在半封闭的实     

广州市I/M计划升级及其在机动车NOx减排中的效果

以广州市为例,系统地讨论了机动车污染控制中的检查维护计划(I/M)。评估了广州市现行的I/M计划的实施情况及存在的问题,针对广州市NO_x污染控制目标,提出了广州市I/M计划升级的技术考虑,并对建议的两种加载I/M计划ASM和IM240进行了初步的费用效果分析。      

Cd、Ni单一及复合污染对土壤酶活性的影响

采用外源添加重金属和露天盆栽实验研究了Cd、Ni对含羞草、三叶草根际土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性的影响。结果表明,Cd、Ni单一污染条件下,低浓度的Cd、Ni对含羞草组、三叶草组的脲酶、过氧化氢酶有激活作用,高浓度的Cd、Ni对土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶有一定的抑制作用;对蔗糖酶有较强的抑制作用。在Cd、Ni复合污染条件下,对含羞草组、三叶草组的脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶产生抑制作用;Cd、Ni单一及复合污染对土壤酶活性的抑制大小顺序为:脲酶>蔗糖酶>过氧化氢酶,其中土壤脲酶可以作为Cd、Ni污染的预警指标。含羞草能显著提高土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性,修复能力大于三叶草,在Cd、Ni污染修复方面有很好的应用前景。     

A clash of cultures (and lawyers): Anglo Platinum and mine-affected communities in Limpopo Province,South Africa

The human rights related controversies surrounding Anglo Platinum's Mogalakwena mine in South Africa's Limpopo Province hit the world stage in 2008, attracting public scrutiny and instigating much debate in the realm of international business and human rights discussions. We provide an in-depth analysis of the controversies at Mogalakwena, and Anglo Platinum's responses. This case study contributes to ongoing debates on mining company-community relations in the context of the emerging business and human rights agenda, specifically with respect to the notion of human rights ‘due diligence’. We argue that the Mogalakwena case study illustrates the risks of companies adhering to and emphasizing the technical and logistical facets of due diligence, without sufficient attention to the relational, communicative and emergent aspects, which are closely tied to corporate culture. We highlight the complexities of company-community relationships, with particular reference to the issues of legitimate community representation and participatory decision-making, and discuss the role that organizational culture plays in exacerbating or mitigating corporate-community conflict. The case study demonstrates how legal challenges often exacerbate rather than resolve the conflicts that arise due to a clash between corporate and community cultures. We suggest the need for corporate leaders to become more conscious of this cultural dimension of effective social management, particularly when interacting with communities whose cultures are markedly different from those of business corporations.     

高压M废水生化处理中硫化物测定方法的探讨

高压Ｍ废水成分较复杂，如何准确测定其中硫化物的含量，是考查高压Ｍ废水处理好坏的关键问题．本论文分析了测量误差产生的原因，选择了能使测量值趋于准确的新型预处理沉淀剂，并根据水中硫化物含量的不同，选用不同的测量方法，达到减少杂质干扰、准确分析、降低误差的目的．     

F/M对ASBR中基质的吸收、储存和利用影响

研究了不同F/M（COD/VSS）下以葡萄糖为基质时厌氧序批式反应器（ASBR）中的微生物代谢规律.结果表明,在序批操作条件下,水解产酸菌对葡萄糖的代谢存在2条并列的途径,即直接代谢为VFA和首先转化为胞内储存物糖原,然后糖原再被转化为VFA.前者约占进水COD的34%～38%,而后者则高达41%～46%.F/M越高,糖原的储存量越大,当F/M分别为0.27、 0.20和0.14时,单位质量污泥糖原的最大储存量分别为116.8、 81.1和62.4 mg/g.糖原的储存减缓了VFA的积累,为ASBR反应器的高效和正常运行创造了条件.     

Pollutant loads of surface runo inWuhan City Zoo, an urban tourist area

The pollutant loads of surface runoff in an urban tourist area have been investigated for two years in the Wuhan City Zoo, China. Eight sampling sites, including two woodlands, three animal yards, two roofs and one road, were selected for sampling and study. The results indicate that pollutants ranked in a predictable order of decreasing load （e.g. animal yard〉roof〉woodland〉road）, with animal yards acting as the key pollution source in the zoo. Pollutants were transported mainly by particulate form in runoff. Particulate nitrogen and particulate phosphorous accounted on average for 61%, 78% of total pollutant, respectively, over 13 monitored rainfall events. These results indicate the treatment practices should be implemented to improve particulate nutrient removal. Analysis of the M（V） curve indicate that no first flush effect existed in the surface runoff from pervious areas （e.g. woodland, animal ground yard）, whereas a first flush effect was evident in runoff from impervious surfaces （e.g. animal cement yard, roof, road）.