广州市I/M计划升级及其在机动车NOx减排中的效果

以广州市为例,系统地讨论了机动车污染控制中的检查维护计划(I/M)。评估了广州市现行的I/M计划的实施情况及存在的问题,针对广州市NO_x污染控制目标,提出了广州市I/M计划升级的技术考虑,并对建议的两种加载I/M计划ASM和IM240进行了初步的费用效果分析。      

高压M废水生化处理中硫化物测定方法的探讨

高压Ｍ废水成分较复杂，如何准确测定其中硫化物的含量，是考查高压Ｍ废水处理好坏的关键问题．本论文分析了测量误差产生的原因，选择了能使测量值趋于准确的新型预处理沉淀剂，并根据水中硫化物含量的不同，选用不同的测量方法，达到减少杂质干扰、准确分析、降低误差的目的．     

F/M对ASBR中基质的吸收、储存和利用影响

研究了不同F/M（COD/VSS）下以葡萄糖为基质时厌氧序批式反应器（ASBR）中的微生物代谢规律.结果表明,在序批操作条件下,水解产酸菌对葡萄糖的代谢存在2条并列的途径,即直接代谢为VFA和首先转化为胞内储存物糖原,然后糖原再被转化为VFA.前者约占进水COD的34%～38%,而后者则高达41%～46%.F/M越高,糖原的储存量越大,当F/M分别为0.27、 0.20和0.14时,单位质量污泥糖原的最大储存量分别为116.8、 81.1和62.4 mg/g.糖原的储存减缓了VFA的积累,为ASBR反应器的高效和正常运行创造了条件.     

Pollutant loads of surface runo inWuhan City Zoo, an urban tourist area

The pollutant loads of surface runoff in an urban tourist area have been investigated for two years in the Wuhan City Zoo, China. Eight sampling sites, including two woodlands, three animal yards, two roofs and one road, were selected for sampling and study. The results indicate that pollutants ranked in a predictable order of decreasing load （e.g. animal yard〉roof〉woodland〉road）, with animal yards acting as the key pollution source in the zoo. Pollutants were transported mainly by particulate form in runoff. Particulate nitrogen and particulate phosphorous accounted on average for 61%, 78% of total pollutant, respectively, over 13 monitored rainfall events. These results indicate the treatment practices should be implemented to improve particulate nutrient removal. Analysis of the M（V） curve indicate that no first flush effect existed in the surface runoff from pervious areas （e.g. woodland, animal ground yard）, whereas a first flush effect was evident in runoff from impervious surfaces （e.g. animal cement yard, roof, road）.     

Biosorption of mercury by Macrocystis pyrifera and Undaria pinnatifida: Influence of zinc, cadmium and nickel

The article investigated the adsorption of Hg(II) on Macrocystis pyrifera and Undaria pinnatifida in monometallic system and in the presence of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II).     

Accumulation of some metals in Morinda lucida from Nigeria

Transfer coefficients of the four metals As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were determined in the leaves and barks of Morinda lucida collected in Nigeria, with the view to quantify relative differences in the bioavailability of the metals to these parts of the plant. Samples were acid digested and the levels of the metals in the digestates were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Certain properties of the soils, i.e., pH, clay fraction, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and organic matter, were also determined. The latter influence the bioavailability of the metals. All parameters correlated with the concentrations of the metals in soils. Transfer coefficient values recorded for Cd and Pb in various tissues of M. lucida Benth were within the expected ranges, while those of As and Hg showed elevated topsoil concentrations of metals. The order of bioavailability of the metals and their bioaccumulation in the tissues of M. lucida Benth was Hg > Cd > As > Pb. Stem barks of the plant showed the least bioaccumulation of all four metals and hence are most suitable for therapeutic purposes. Vegetative parts of M. lucida Benth used for therapeutic purposes should be sourced at sites that will give low transfer coefficient in order to reduce human exposure to toxicity associated with ingestion of heavy metals.     

台湾集集7.6级强震前粤东地区的重力中短期异常

基于广东东部地区流动重力观测资料,分析了1999年台湾集集7.6级地震前后重力场的时空动态演化过程,发现1996年起出现的群体性重力测值偏离长趋势的变化,可视为7.6级地震前中期异常的开始,而1998年中出现的反向变化则是中期异常向短期异常的转折。作为强震前的远场重力异常,其时间、空间变化表现出的不一致和非均匀性变化形态,可能主要与测区内不同断层在区域应力场和震源应力场共同作用下产生的局部形变不同有关。     

PZT的EMI技术在土木工程健康监测中的研究进展

PZT(P iezoe lectric-ceram ic)的EM I(E lectro-m echan ica l im pedance)技术以其适于在线监测的诸多优点受到越来越多的关注。本文系统地阐述了PZT的E/M(电-机)耦合特性、PZT与本体结构的相互作用模型、EM I技术的基本原理及其在土木工程中的研究应用。利用PZT的EM I技术进行健康监测是具有广泛应用前景的一种方法,但由于其研究应用的时间不长,目前仍然处于试验室研究阶段,文中对该项技术中尚需解决的几个问题进行了总结。     

基于国内外灾害经济研究与管理实践的启示

中外学者从不同视域对灾害经济与管理问题进行了研究,形成了一些有代表性的观点。各国政府在防灾减灾、灾后重建等方面也积累了大量的经验。这些观点和经验为我们深入研究灾害管理机制奠定了基础,结合汶川8.0级地震导致的惨重损失及灾后重建出现的问题,阐述了构建我国以人为本的灾害管理机制和可持续重建地震灾区的基本对策。     

新《防震减灾法》浅议——以汶川8.0级地震为例

以汶川8.0级地震为例,对新《防震减灾法》进行了解读,新《防震减灾法》在旧法的基础上,主要完善了防震减灾规划制度、建设工程抗震设防制度,增加了对学校医院等重要建筑和农村民居、乡村公共设施的抗震设防要求的规定,强化了防震减灾群测群防制度以加强对地震灾害的预防;完善了地震应急救援机制;进一步规范了地震灾后过渡性安置和恢复重建制度;加强了政府在防震减灾工作中的领导和协调作用。同时文中也指出了新《防震减灾法》存在的不足。