Comparative degradation between heavy and light crude oil mediated by nitrogen‐induced cell‐surface hydrophobicity

A bacterial strain UKMP‐10M2 isolated from a Malaysian petroleum refinery was able to degrade 84% of heavy Khafji sour crude and 68% of light Tapis sweet crude within seven days. Analysis of gas chromatography‐flame ionization detector chromatograms show the strain UKMP‐10M2 degraded up to 90% pristane and 50% phytane in heavy crude, but significantly lower pristane (50%) and phytane (30%) were degraded from the light crude. A mixture of aliphatic hexadecane and three‐ring phenanthrene better supported the growth of isolate UKMP‐10M2 compared to using phenanthrene alone, suggesting cometabolism influenced how crude oil with different individual hydrocarbon contents affected the degradation. Peptone as the source of nitrogen increases the emulsifying index in UKMP‐10M2 exposed to heavy Khafji sour crude 20% higher than in light Tapis sweet crude. However, BATH assay showed the same nitrogen source increases bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity of UKMP‐10M2 up to 14% higher in light Tapis crude oil compared to heavy Khafji. This study suggest the nitrogen source plays a decisive role in elevating UKMP‐10M2 bacterial cells hydrophobicity, and in correlation with types of crude oil. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on 16S rDNA sequence results identified the strain to be Rhodococcus ruber.     

Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in human milk samples in Vojvodina,Serbia: Estimation of average daily intake by babies

The objectives of the study were to determine the aflatoxin M1 content in human milk samples in Vojvodina, Serbia, and to assess the risk of infants' exposure to aflatoxins food contamination. The growth of Aspergillus flavus and production of aflatoxin B1 in corn samples resulted in higher concentrations of AFM1 in milk and dairy products in 2013, indicating higher concentrations of AFM1 in human milk samples in 2013 and 2014 in Serbia. A total number of 60 samples of human milk (colostrum and breast milk collected 4–8 months after delivery) were analyzed for the presence of AFM1 using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay method. The estimated daily intake of AFM1 through breastfeeding was calculated for the colostrum samples using an average intake of 60 mL/kg body weight (b.w.)/day on the third day of lactation. All breast milk collected 4–8 months after delivery and 36.4% of colostrum samples were contaminated with AFM1. The greatest percentage of contaminated colostrum (85%) and all samples of breast milk collected 4–8 months after delivery had AFM1 concentration above maximum allowable concentration according to the Regulation on health safety of dietetic products. The mean daily intake of AFM1 in colostrum was 2.65 ng/kg bw/day. Results of our study indicate the high risk of infants' exposure, who are at the early stage of development and vulnerable to toxic contaminants.     

水中酞酸酯类化合物的测定

通过筛选水中酞酸酯类化合物的萃取条件,优选出方法简单、回收率高的萃取方法,利用GC—FID和GC—MS—SIM检测,证明筛选的方法稳定可靠,平均回收率在98．1％～105％,在能力验证中获得了满意的结果。     

生物活性炭纤维工艺在微污染水源处理中的应用

生物活性炭纤维（BACF）是在生物活性炭的基础上,以活性炭纤维代替颗粒活性炭,用于处理微污染水中有机污染物。BACF技术作为一种新的水的深度处理工艺,结合了吸附与生物降解的双重效能,可以有效提高对原水的净化效果,同时也可以扩大水源水的取水范围,是一项先进的水处理技术。     

微生物燃料电池型传感器在BOD检测中的应用进展

介绍了微生物燃料电池型BOD传感器的原理与构建方式,分析了影响响应时间、电池转化率、稳定性等性能的因素,指出微生物燃料电池型BOD传感器响应时间短,适用范围广,稳定性好,操作简单,能实现BOD实时在线检测,提出构建低成本、高性能的微生物燃料电池型BOD传感器与BOD在线检测装置是该领域研究的重要方向。     

环境地球物理在污染场地调查中的现状及展望

简述了国内外对不同污染场地调查环境地球物理方法的研究现状及成果,指出了目前存在的问题.针对污染场地调查污染深度浅、污染浓度低的特点,提出了建立重金属污染在浅层迁移的数学物理模型和提高设备检测精度的必要性.对环境地球物理方法在环境领域的应用进行了展望.     

超声波提取土壤中的半挥发性有机物

用二氯甲烷索氏提取法对比多种萃取剂超声波提取法测定标准土壤样品回收率的结果,以实验得出二氯甲烷超声波提取法的样品加标回收率及相对标准偏差。结果表明,二氯甲烷超声萃取法提取土壤中的半挥发性有机物的时效性,准确性能够满足监测分析的要求。     

“Horizontal” and “vertical” diffusion: The cumulative influence of Impact and Benefit Agreements (IBAs) on mining policy-production in New Caledonia

The scale, duration and intensity of conflicts over mineral resources vary greatly. However, they always involve, in varying proportions, the triad stakeholder model—corporation, state, community—each element of which is internally heterogeneous. Increasingly, new players are entering the scene: international non-governmental organizations (NGOs), environmental grassroots groups, indigenous transnational networks, international aid and development agencies. Nevertheless, conflicts and arrangements around access to and control over mineral resources can take the apparent form of dyadic relationships between companies and local communities, resulting in negotiated company-community agreements, often called “Impact and Benefit Agreements” (IBAs). In our analysis, local agreements on mineral resource governance are seen as building blocks in the production of mining policy “from below”, even though they seem at first sight to exclude the state. This paper argues that these agreements, and the negotiations surrounding them, inform debates around mining through both “horizontal diffusion” (influence on other localities facing similar situations) and “vertical diffusion” (influence on policy design and implementation at upper political and administrative levels). This diffusion may occur in a “positive” sense, effecting further change in line with the intent of the original agreement, or in a “negative” one, actually making substantive change less likely, whether at a community or policy level. We build this argument through two case studies from New Caledonia, in the south-west Pacific, where mining has long been a key issue, especially in the current context of “negotiated decolonization” launched by the 1998 Nouméa Accord.     

汶川8.0级地震路堑墙震害特征及机理分析

通过对2005年竣工的都江堰至映秀的三级公路的调查,分析了路堑墙的汶川8.0级地震震害模式;以浆砌片石典型解体崩毁工点为例,将基于抗震设计规范的验算与实震情况比较,认为现行抗震规范是按照刚性挡土墙进行设计的,对于"柔性挡土墙"并不完全适用;通过拟静力法进行计算认为墙后坡度越大,挡墙稳定性越差,未超过一定坡度时主动土压力系数增长缓慢,当超过一定坡度时,主动土压力系数急剧增长。     

CSR in metallurgy sector in Greece: A content analysis

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become one of the most widespread business topics among the academic community. Various issues like environmental pollution, economic crisis, corruption, poverty are of major importance these days and besides governments and policy makers responsibility it is obvious that corporations are also part of these problems. In Europe the last 15 years, governments, NGOs, small and large enterprises are making an effort to establish in their business CSR strategies so as to become more competitive and innovative in the global market. The research presents the way 8 Greek companies from the metallurgy sector publish CSR activities and which dimensions of CSR are more common among Greek companies. The companies were selected according to a study of ICAP Group about CSR and Leading Employers in Greece. The findings reveal how Greek companies during the economic crisis make their effort to be more active especially on environmental issues, human resources, health and safety and contribution to local communities. The results of their efforts are controversial as far as their CSR strategy concerns.