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71.
Effect of electrokinetic transport on the vulnerability of PAH-degrading bacteria in a model aquifer
There has been increasing interest in employing electro-bioremediation, a hybrid technology of bioremediation and electrokinetics,
to overcome the low bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOC) by homogenizing sorption-retarded HOC and immobilised
microorganisms. Present electro-remediation approaches mainly aim at macroscale pollutant extraction and tend to neglect possible
impacts of direct current (DC) on the physiology of microorganisms. The effect of weak electric fields (X = 1 V cm−1) on the fitness of electrokinetically dispersed fluorene-degrading Sphingomonas sp. LB126 in bench-scale model aquifers was investigated by flow cytometry using propidium iodide (PI) as an indicator that
distinguishes between PI-permeable (cells with porous membranes, i.e. dead or vulnerable) and PI-impermeable bacteria. After
15.5 h of DC treatment 56% of all cells recovered were dispersed at the centimetre scale relative to 29% in the absence of
DC. There was no overall negative effect of the 15.5-h DC treatment on cell vulnerability, as 7.0% of the DC-treated bacteria
exhibited PI-staining compared to 6.5% of the control population. Minor differences were observed in the subpopulation that
had been mobilised by electroosmosis with an approximately twofold increase in the percentage of PI-stained cells relative
to the control. Enhanced PI staining did not correlate with reduced culturability of the cells on rich-medium agar plates.
Relative to the control, DC-treated cells mobilised by electroosmosis were threefold more culturable, confirming earlier data
that that PI-cell membrane permeability does not always indicate reduced viability of oligotrophic environmental bacteria.
Our findings suggest that electrokinetics is a valuable mechanism to transport viable and culturable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
(PAH)-degrading bacteria in soil or sediments. 相似文献
72.
Ram Kailash P. Yadav Efimia M. Papatheodorou Katerina Karamanoli Helen-Isis A. Constantinidou Despoina Vokou 《Chemoecology》2008,18(4):217-226
Summary. We studied the epiphytic bacterial communities of the summer leaves of eight perennial species naturally occurring in a Mediterranean
ecosystem. The species differ in essential-oil content (from rich in essential oil to non-producers) and composition, and
also in life form (from herbaceous species to tall shrubs). We compared the epiphytic bacterial communities on the basis of
(i) their abundance, (ii) their metabolic profile (derived by use of the BIOLOG Ecoplate system) and (iii) richness and diversity
of substrates that they use, as a measure of functional diversity. Among all species, the aromatic Melissa officinalis was the most abundantly colonized. The bacterial communities on the leaves of the aromatic Myrtus communis, Calamintha nepeta and Melissa officinalis, and also of Cistus incanus catabolized all 31 substrates offered; those on the evergreen-sclerophyllous species, Arbutus unedo and Quercus coccifera, catabolized only 14 and 17 substrates, respectively. Carbohydrates were consistently used abundantly by all communities,
whereas carboxylic acids were most variably used. On average, the group of aromatic plants scored higher regarding bacterial
abundance, and richness and diversity of substrates used by the bacterial communities on their leaves; the lowest values for
both substrate-use indices were recorded in A. unedo. Bacterial abundance or richness or diversity of substrates used did not vary with leaf oil content. Abundance was positively
correlated with both substrate-use indices. Results support claims that the antimicrobial effects of essential oils are not
exerted so much under natural conditions as reports based on biassays with pathogens usually show. Although essential oils
play a part in the microbial colonization of the phyllosphere, it is not likely that inhibition of phyllosphere bacteria is
essential oils’ primary role, at least in the Mediterranean environment. 相似文献
73.
Dbora de Almeida Azevedo Larissa Silveira Moreira Denilson Soares de Siqueira 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1999,33(30):1453
The hydrocarbon compositions of atmospheric particulate matter from urban areas of Rio de Janeiro city have been studied to assess the different pollution levels. Samples were acquired using a standard high-volume air sampler (Hi-Vol), extracts were prepared and fractionated into aliphatic and aromatic compounds. High-resolution gas chromatography and GC coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were used for the analysis of the organic matter. The results show that all samples contain n-alkanes, but the distributions are different for each sample, reflecting both the biogenic (vascular plant wax input) and fossil fuel contamination sources (vehicular exhaust). The fossil fuel biomarkers, hopanes and steranes, were also observed in all samples except in the Tijuca Forest, which is a mountain forest in the midst of the sea-level city. A decrease in the level of pollution was observed in the sequence for Rebouças Tunnel>Cinelândia (downtown)>Quinta da Boa Vista Park>Tijuca Forest, as expected from the traffic density. Unfortunately, all sites are polluted mainly from vehicular emissions, but at different degrees, with the lowest levels in Tijuca Forest. 相似文献
74.
75.
Samal Kaumbekova Mehdi Amouei Torkmahalleh Naoya Sakaguchi Masakazu Umezawa Dhawal Shah 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(2):15
76.
Hanzhong Jia Yafang Shi Xiaofeng Nie Song Zhao Tiecheng Wang Virender K. Sharma 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(4):73
77.
A solid phase extraction procedure (SPE) is described for the quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM), as ubiquitous environmental pollutants routinely measured in air quality monitoring. A SPE cartridge was used based on a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP-SPE) properly tailored for selective retention of PAHs with 4 and more benzene fused rings. The performance of the clean-up procedure was evaluated with the specific concern of selective purification towards saturated hydrocarbons, which are the PM components mostly interfering GC analysis of target PAHs. Under optimized operative conditions, the MIP-SPE provided analyte recovery close to 95% for heavier PAHs, from benzo(α)pyrene to benzo(ghi)perylene, and close to 90% for four benzene rings PAHs, with good reproducibility (RSDs: 2.5%-5.9%). Otherwise, C17-C32 n-alkanes were nearly completely removed. The proposed method was critically compared with Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) using a polyacrylate fiber. Both methods were successfully applied to the analysis of ambient PM2.5 samples collected at an urban polluted site. Between the two procedures, the MIP-SPE provided the highest recovery (R% ≥ 93%) for PAHs with 5 and more benzene rings, but lower for lighter PAHs. In contrast, SPME showed a mean acceptable R% value (∼ 80%) for all the investigated PAHs, except for the heaviest PAHs in the most polluted samples (R%: 110%-138%), suggesting an incomplete purification from the interfering n-hydrocarbons. 相似文献
78.
土壤石油烃类污染治理方法述评 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文介绍了土壤中石油烃类的危害,在土壤中的主要存在形态及迁移转化情况;概述了近年来国内外治理土壤石油烃类污染和各种方法,并从场外治理和现场治理两个角度分别对各种物理、化学和生物治理方法的优缺点、可行性进行了述评;同时对联合运用多种技术,实行综合治理进行了讨论. 相似文献
79.
辽宁省大气可吸入颗粒物中重金属及多环芳烃污染特征研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为全面了解辽宁省大气可吸入颗粒物污染状况,2004年在省内选取了5个城市进行分季节采样,并对颗粒物中重金属元素含量和美国优先控制的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了定量研究。结果表明,大气PM10和PM2.5中重金属元素和PAHs污染较重,且冬季高于其它季节,重金属元素和PAHs主要富集在PM2.5及以下细小颗粒物中。 相似文献
80.
我国水体沉积物中多环芳烃的污染现状与生态效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
多环芳烃(PAHs)是一大类广泛存在于环境中的有机污染物,在水体中其主要归宿是沉积物。文中对国内外各地表层沉积物中多环芳烃的浓度的进行对比的基础上,分析了我国水体沉积物中多环芳烃的污染现状,结果表明处于低一中等水平,就而部分区域如黄河流域的沉积物达到高生态风险区的标准。 相似文献