渤海海域超大型船舶安全航速限定标准研究

为确保超大型船舶在渤海海域的航行安全,避免偏航和搁浅事故的发生,鉴于船舶安全航速限定标准的重要性,提出基于交通流要求(纵向)、航道尺度要求(横向)和富裕水深(UKC)要求(垂向)的船舶安全航速三维限定数学模型。研究在渤海海域通航条件下,以超大型油轮(VLCC)和散装船为代表船型的船舶在不同风流条件下的安全航速限定标准。结果表明,不同船舶的安全航速限定标准不同,该标准应考虑风流、航宽、水深等条件,并与船舶方形系数有直接关系。     

鲸鱼优化算法下气体泄漏源波达方向估计法

为减小压力容器气体泄漏实时位置估算误差,准确监测容器工况,首先,从声学监测角度提出一种引入鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)的泄漏源估计方法,采用波达方向(DOA)估计法预测气体泄漏位置方向,获得泄漏源角坐标;然后,引入WOA自适应选择方法分解DOA的特征值,多次迭代得到最精确的泄漏位置;最后,以某化工厂中压力容器数据为实际算例,比较基于WOA的气体泄漏源估计结果。结果表明:该方法可以实现压力容器泄漏精确定位,通过仿真性能曲线可直观地看出,相比于传统DOA方法及基于其他仿生智能算法的DOA方法,该方法鲁棒性和抗噪性能更好,且定位准确率高达95%,节省时间消耗达92.2%,可增强工程应用实时性。     

浅谈提高爆炸容器使用安全性的技术措施

针对爆炸容器工作时 ,产生的爆炸冲击波、破片、有害气体、振动及噪声等危害因素 ,简述了国内外使用爆炸容器时 ,采取的一些相关安全技术措施 ;提出了将结构健康监测技术应用于爆炸容器寿命安全评估的构想     

多孔填充材料的防火防爆机理及应用

在液化气体、燃料储罐内填充多孔材料,可有效地减少或避免储罐发生爆炸事故.本文分析了这类材料的防爆机理并简要介绍了其应用情况.     

Improvement of integrity management for pressure vessels based on risk assessment - A natural gas separator case study

The process of oil and gas processing plant is complex, the types of pressure vessels are rich, and the functions are critical. However, the working medium is mostly untreated medium, and the hazard factors are complex, which poses a threat to the safe production of oil and gas processing plant. Based on PDCA cycle, this paper establishes a six-step links of integrity management for sustainable improvement of pressure vessels. The typical failure modes of pressure vessels are determined, and the fishbone diagram of risk factors under each failure mode is compiled. Risk quantification and classification of pressure vessels based on failure modes (RBFM) is innovatively proposed. Avoiding incalculable failure frequency index, the process quantification of failure possibility is formed according to the development of hazard factors. A failure consequence calculation model based on the leakage affected area was established. Combined with the failure probability level and risk level, the hierarchical inspection strategy for pressure vessels under different failure modes is established. Finally, the method is applied to the natural gas separator of H processing plant. The research results show that RBFM proposed in this paper can meet the requirements for rapid and accurate risk assessment of pressure vessels in oil and gas processing plant. This paper establishes a safe production barrier for the pressure vessel and improves the intrinsic safety of the equipment.     

无人监测船在城市内河水质监测中的应用

采用无人船监测技术结合镇江市内河水质状况普查工作,大于120 h的航行试验,总航行里程约为90 km,对建成区水体中的氨氮(NH3-N)、溶解氧(DO)、氧化还原电位(ORP)和浊度进行原位监测,结果表明,通过合理选择搭载相应的测量电极,无人监测船能够满足地表水测量数据准确度的要求,同时可实现研究区域的监测全覆盖,提升了地表水环境监测的工作效率。