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911.
In the routine São Paulo state (Brazil) surface water quality-monitoring program, which includes the Salmonella microsome mutagenicity assay as one of its parameters, a river where water is taken and treated for drinking water purposes has repeatedly shown mutagenic activity. A textile dyeing facility employing azo-type dyes was the only identifiable source of mutagenic compounds. We extracted the river and drinking water samples with XAD4 at neutral and acidic pH and with blue rayon, which selectively adsorbs polycyclic compounds. We tested the industrial effluent, raw, and treated water and sediment samples with YG1041 and YG1042 and compared the results with the TA98 and TA100 strains. The elevated mutagenicity detected with YG-strains suggested that nitroaromatics and/or aromatic amines were causing the mutagenicity detected in the samples analyzed. Positive responses for the blue rayon extracts indicated that mutagenic polycyclic compounds were present in the water samples analyzed. The mutagen or mixture of mutagens present in the effluent and water samples cause mainly frameshift mutations and are positive with and without metabolic activation. The Salmonella assay combined with different extraction procedures proved to be very useful in the identification of the origin of the pollution and in the identification of the classes of chemical compounds causing the mutagenic activity in the river analyzed. 相似文献
912.
流动注射荧光猝灭法测定环境水样中痕量磷 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在硫酸溶液中,P(Ⅴ)与钼酸盐、钒酸盐生成磷钼钒杂多酸,使罗丹明6G荧光猝灭,据此建立了测定痕量磷的流动注射荧光猝灭方法。方法的测定范围为2~90μg/L,进样频率为35样/h。采用本法测定环境水样中痕量磷,结果令人满意。 相似文献
913.
里杜湖富营养化综合评价及预测 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据里杜湖水库的水质监测及水文资料,选择评分法结合生物优势种评价法以及“源-效应”预测模型对里杜湖水库水质的营养状态进行综合评价及预测。结果表明:里杜湖水库水质已轻度富营养化,并有逐年加重的趋势。旨在正确评价和预测里杜湖水库营养状态,并为同类水库的营养状态评价及预测提供参考和借鉴,从而为水库水质管理及富营养化的控制提供科学依据。 相似文献
914.
915.
吹扫捕集-GC-MS测定废水中的硝基氯苯 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立了吹扫捕集-GC-MS测定水样中硝基氯苯类化合物的方法.考察了吹扫温度、吹扫时间等对吹扫捕集效率和方法检出限的影响.在室温下,当吹扫时间为30 min时,该方法的最低检出限可达0.002 mg/L,工作曲线的线性范围为2×10 -3 ~2 mg/L,相对标准偏差在2%~6%,加标回收率在97.0%~110.0%.与国家标准方法相比,该法具有操作简便、灵敏度高、线性范围宽且无须使用有毒有机溶剂等优点,可满足工业废水和地表水中硝基氯苯的测定要求. 相似文献
916.
917.
Désy JC Amyot M Pinel-Alloul B Campbell PG 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,120(3):759-769
We found that Cd concentrations in three species of macrophyte-associated invertebrates (the gastropods Bithynia tentaculata and Physa gyrina, and the amphipod Gammarus fasciatus) collected at twenty sites along the St. Lawrence River were correlated with Cd concentrations in their main food source, i.e. macrophytes and associated periphyton. Cd in these invertebrates was not significantly correlated with Cd concentrations in the sediments (even when corrections for iron oxide or organic carbon content were applied) or to calculated free-cadmium concentrations in the water. Cd levels in juveniles of B. tentaculata were very tightly linked to Cd concentrations in macrophytes, which is consistent with the close relationship that these organisms have developed with macrophytes. Linear models predicting Cd levels in juveniles of B. tentaculata from Cd levels in different macrophyte species were strong (R2 = 0.69-0.90). Analysis of covariance on these models showed no statistical difference of slope or intercept for any of the macrophyte species, except Vallisneria americana. We suggest that the macrophyte-periphyton complex is a key link in the transfer of cadmium to some aquatic invertebrates in the littoral zone of the St. Lawrence River and that macrophytes and their associated epiphytes should also be used as biomonitors. 相似文献
918.
919.
Environmental impact of two successive chemical treatments in a small shallow eutrophied lake: Part I. Case of aluminium sulphate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Van Hullebusch E Deluchat V Chazal PM Baudu M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,120(3):617-626
This paper deals with the efficiency and effects of addition of aluminium sulphate on soft water quality of a shallow eutrophic lake. Almost all the controlled variables improved with treatment, especially nutrient concentrations such as soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and transparency. However, aluminium sulphate was not added in sufficient quantity to reduce the total phosphorus content. SRP concentration was significantly reduced in the short term. Moreover, external loading of phosphorus was high and not taken into account by the in-lake treatments. Finally, resuspension of sediment (polymictic lake) removed the alum hydroxide layer on the sediment surface, which reduced treatment effectiveness. No significant pH decrease was noted following alum addition. According to bibliographical toxicological data, monomeric aluminium content does not show any toxic effect on aquatic fauna and flora. In spite of low SRP in the water column, the treatment did not prevent appearance of Microcystis sp. colony (> 10 colony per ml) approximately 30 days after alum application. 相似文献
920.
西安地区旅游景点水体卫生细菌学调查及保护对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以粪大肠菌和异养细菌总数做指标,对西安地区旅游景点水体的卫生细菌学状况进行了调查。结果表明,西安市区内旅游景点的人工湖、天然湖等大都受到不同程度的污染,而离市区较远、海拔较高的旅游景点则污染较轻。 相似文献