A new method of inhibiting pollutant release from source water reservoir sediment by adding chemical stabilization agents combined with water-lifting aerator

A new method of adding chemical stabilization agents combined with water-lifting aerator can inhibit pollutant release from source water reservoir sediment effectively.     

调蓄水库细菌群落季节变化特征与影响因素

为探究调蓄水库水体细菌群落的季节变化特征与影响因素.以引黄济青工程的唯一调蓄水库——青岛棘洪滩水库为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术,结合水质分析指标,探究细菌群落结构以及与环境因子的关系.结果表明,细菌群落多样性和丰富度夏季最高,冬季最低,进水口高于出水口.细菌群落结构组成春季与冬季相似,夏季与秋季相似.Actinobacteriota(6.63%～57.38%)、 Proteobacteria(11.32%～48.60%)、 Bacteroidota(5.05%～25.74%)和Cyanobacteria(0.65%～24.74%)为优势菌门,Chloroflexi、 Dependentiae、 Fusobacteriota和Margulisbacteria相对丰度秋季最高,冬季最低;Patescibacteria和Myxococcota相对丰度夏季最高,冬季最低;Acidobacteria相对丰度春季最高,冬季最低;hgcI＿clade(3.72%～34.66%)、CL500＿29＿marine＿group(0.31%～20.13%)和Limnohabitans(0.16%～10.3...     

西南地区典型森林水库土壤和沉积物汞的迁移转化特征

以西南地区典型拦蓄筑坝形成的森林水库重庆四面山大洪海为研究对象,在湖边位置将从未被水淹没区域的土壤（未淹水区土壤）和沉积物进行原位置换实验,并对水库水体以及土壤总汞（THg）和总甲基汞（TMeHg）的变化进行了为期一年的监测研究.结果表明,四面山大洪海水库未受汞污染的影响,其水体THg[（1.89±0.72）ng·L^-1]和TMeHg[（0.13±0.04）ng·L^-1]的质量浓度均值远低于我国环境质量标准中Ⅰ类水质标准和国内外其他一些水库或湖泊,未淹水区土壤和沉积物中THg和TMeHg的含量也相应低于其他一些水库或湖泊;水体和土壤中THg和TMeHg的含量具有一定的季节性变化（暖季>冷季）,其中TMeHg的季节性变化更明显,主要影响因素为气候和降雨量的变化;沉积物中THg和TMeHg的含量相对未淹水区土壤均有明显的升高,表明沉积物是水库汞储存的重要场所,同时也使沉积物成为水库汞（尤其是甲基汞）污染的潜在源;原位置换后的土柱THg和TMeHg含量在经过较短的时间即能与周围土壤达到平衡状态,特别是表层土壤,说明水库消落带能够加快汞的地球化学循环过程.     

水源型水库抗生素抗性基因赋存特征研究

饮用水水源地中抗生素抗性基因会威胁生态安全和人类健康.为了探究抗生素抗性基因(Antibiotic Resistance Genes,ARGs)在金泽水源型水库中的赋存特征,以及水库净化措施对抗生素抗性基因的净化作用,选择微生物活性较高的夏季时期采集水样,采用高通量荧光定量PCR和16S rRNA实时荧光定量PCR进行研究.结果表明,该水库检出62种ARGs;多重抗药类、氨基糖苷类和磺胺类ARGs为水库内占主导的抗性基因.抗生素抗性基因绝对丰度从水库的预处理区至生态净化区,再至输水区呈逐渐降低的趋势,表明水库净化措施对削减ARGs含量有一定作用.抗性基因丰度与可移动基因元件(Mobile Genetic Elements,MGEs)丰度存在显著相关性(p0.05),表明MGEs对ARGs的水平转移、传播和富集具有重要作用.     

The Impact of Dynamic Environmental Flow Releases on Hydropower Production in the Zambezi River Basin

Incorporation of environmental flow releases from reservoirs has proven to be challenging due to fear of losses to existing water uses. Moreover environmental flow requirements (EFR) have not often been operationalized. This study compares the possibility of implementing dynamic EFR based on natural flows lagged against an upstream unregulated gauging point with static EFR. It simulates different scenarios with a high flow release in the wet season and analyses its impacts on hydropower production. This method accounts fully for the natural variability of environmental flows, implying less pressure on existing water uses during relatively dry years. Joint operation of two cascading dams vs. individual operation for EFR was also explored. These approaches were tested for the Zambezi River basin in Southern Africa using a water resources model, WAFLEX. Historic data on reservoir water levels, releases and power generation of the hydropower schemes were synthesized. Combining these yielded a validated series of monthly flow data for a 28 year period (1982‐2010). The results show that Kariba and Cahora Bassa reservoirs face a reduction in power produced when they would annually release an environmental flow. However, the dynamic EFR method entails smaller hydropower losses. Joint environmental flow operations will reduce overall basin power production more than if Cahora Bassa alone would release an environmental flow. However, such joint operation would be more beneficial to the ecosystem.     

Effect and its time lags of water level fluctuations in Three Gorges Reservoir on the macroinvertebrates in a tributary bay北大核心CSCD

In order to study how water level fluctuations (WLF) of reservoir influence the macroinvertebrate in tributary bay, we studied the effect of WLF of the Three Gorges Reservior on macroinvertebrate communities in Xiangxi Bay, and the time lags of such effect, based on the surveys in spring and summer from 2005 to 2010. In this research, WLF was represented by water level drawdown (WLD) and the sum of absolute values of rate of water level fluctuations (RWlf). Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between WLF and macroinvertebrates. No significant correlation was found between macroinvertebrates and sum of absolute values of RWLF, while WLD showed significant influence on some biotic parameters. In spring, WLD did not cause significant effect to macroinvertebrates (P > 0.05). In summer, however, the influence was significant, especially in the area of the downstream (XX01 - XX02) of the Xiangxi Bay (P < 0.05). The middle reach of the bay (XX05), located in the conjunction area between Xiangxi Bay and a secondary tributary of the TGR, was also affected significantly (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Tubificidae declined with the increase of the WLF, while abundance of Chironomidae increased. The time lags of the influence to macroinvertebrates were about 15 days. This analysis indicated that WLF in the mainstream of the reservoir mainly influences the downstream of the tributary bay, and also affects the conjunction area of the secondary tributary. Chironomidae are more tolerant than Tubificidae in water-body with dramatic disturbance, therefore can be considered as the indicator of the effect of summer WLF on macroinvertebrates.     

筑坝蓄水对不同水深浮游微生物群落结构和种间互作模式的影响

微生物群落之间通过直接或间接的关系相互作用,在生态过程中发挥重要作用,然而目前对于水库微生物种间互作模式的关注仍然较少.选择江苏省横山水库为研究区域,分别采集表层及深层水样,探究浮游微生物群落结构和分子生态网络对水深变化的响应规律,并辨识不同水深处浮游微生物群落的关键物种.结果发现,表层浮游微生物丰富度及均匀度均高于深层,且不同深度浮游微生物群落结构具有显著差异.水深通过改变环境异质性间接对浮游微生物群落产生影响,其中总有机碳（TOC）、硝酸盐（NO^-₃）、铵盐（NH⁺₄）和磷酸盐(PO₄^3-)等指标对浮游微生物群落结构影响最为显著.此外,深层浮游微生物分子生态网络的节点数和边数均显著高于表层,且深层浮游微生物群落中关键物种数目和种类均显著高于表层,表明深层浮游微生物群落网络规模更大,但表层浮游微生物群落种间协同合作关系和网络连通性更强.上述结果将为水库微生物群落种间相互作用研究提供科学依据,对预测水库生态系统中微生物的生态规律及全球物质循环影响具有重要意...     

Responses of phytoplankton and periphytic diatoms to environmental factors in a tropical riverine reservoir北大核心CSCD

Riverine reservoirs have a short water retention time, which is ecologically more similar to that of rivers. Generally, phytoplankton-based approaches are used for lakes and periphytic diatom-based approach for rivers. To understand the differences in the responses of phytoplankton and periphytic diatoms to environmental variables for riverine reservoirs, we collected periphytic diatom samples on artificial substrata as well as phytoplankton samples from a tropical reservoir with a resident time less than 10 days. Our results showed that 131 phytoplankton species and 138 periphytic diatoms were detected; the variation of phytoplankton community was mainly reflected by the dominant species with a strong response to the environmental variables at a time scale, whereas the variation of periphytic diatom community was noted in both the species composition and the dominant species, with a strong response at spatial-temporal scales. The multivariate regression analysis and redundancy analysis showed that environmental factors have higher explanations for the variance of the periphytic diatom community (R2 = 0.27). Temperature was the key explanatory variable for phytoplankton, planktonic diatoms and periphytic diatoms (P < 0.01). However, dissolved oxygen and nitrate were also detected as significant explanatory factors associated with periphytic diatom community (P < 0.01). Thus, the periphytic diatoms were concluded to be more sensitive to environmental change and were associated with more environmental variables than phytoplankton. Periphytic diatoms appear to provide more ecological information than phytoplankton for riverine reservoirs. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

气藏型地下储气库完整性管理体系及风险识别

为保证气藏型储气库安全运营,保障天然气储配调峰系统的正常运转,对气藏型储气库进行完整性管理及风险识别.明确气藏型地下储气库完整性管理的对象为地面站场系统、储气库井、地质体3大模块,以地质体完整性管理为气藏型储气库完整性管理的特点及难点,并基于管道完整性管理的理念;提出气藏型储气库完整性管理的6步循环:数据采集,单元识别...     

雄安新区唐河污水库残留污染物对地下水水化学动态的作用机制

唐河污水库位于雄安新区白洋淀西侧,污水库渗漏和污水灌溉历时长达40 a,包气带中累积大量污染物.识别污水渗漏和灌溉复合系统残留污染物对地下水水化学动态的作用机制,对雄安新区的水环境保护至关重要.利用水化学离子示踪及改进的氯碱指数等水文地球化学方法,解析浅层地下水水化学时空特征及演化机制.结果表明,污水库区地下水水化学类型为SO₄ ·HCO₃-Na型,平均污水混合比例为48.4%,阳离子交替吸附作用和岩盐溶解作用分别为地下水提供了29.9%和8.6%的钠离子;污灌区地下水水化学类型为SO₄ ·HCO₃-Na ·Mg型,平均污水混合比例为58.3%,阳离子交替吸附作用降低了地下水中8.1%的钠离子;降水和灌溉水的混合稀释作用导致残留污水混合比例和矿物饱和指数降低,促进地下水中钠离子与土壤胶体吸附的钙镁离子的交换作用.含水层反硝化作用能有效减少地下水硝酸盐污染.此外,污水库修复前后污水比例分别为61.5%和49.3%.污水渗漏和灌溉复合系统中长期滞留的污染物将在降雨和灌溉模式驱动下以不同程度的污水物理混合和水岩相互作用持续影响浅层地下水水质.