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141.
采用相转化法将类脂包埋到醋酸纤维素(CA)中,制备出了具有对水中低剂量亲脂性有机污染物高效吸附去除的平板膜.以扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的结构形貌和表面特征.利用机械搅拌方式和超声方式对类脂进行分散的实验表明,超声对类脂的均匀分散具有强化作用.同时考察了铸膜温度(室温、0℃)对类脂分散的效果,表明低温有助于形成小的脂滴.另外,通过复合膜的红外谱图证实,类脂和CA属于物理混合,不会改变类脂的分子结构,从而不会影响类脂对亲脂性有机污染物的吸附性能.通过荧光分析法分析复合膜在正己烷溶剂中的稳定情况,表明类脂已被完好地包埋到膜中,因而在去除有机污染物的过程中不会从复合膜中渗出. 相似文献
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143.
Tertiary-butyl acetate (TBAC) (CAS No. 540-88-5) is an organic solvent with a potential for occupational and environmental exposure as a result of its use in industrial coatings, adhesives, inks, and degreasers. The objective of these studies was to extend the toxicological database upon which health hazard and risk assessments of TBAC can be made. The metabolism of TBAC was studied in rats exposed by inhalation for 6?h to concentrations of 100 or 1000?ppm. There was an evidence of partial saturation of TBAC absorption and metabolism at some concentration below 1000?ppm. Approximately 5% of the low dose and 26% of the high dose was expired without change within 12?h, while the retained material was rapidly metabolised and excreted, mostly in the urine, within 24?h. Very little radioactivity remained in the tissues after day 7. The metabolism of TBAC appears to follow two major routes: hydroxylation of the tertiary-butyl moiety to form 2-hydroxymethylisopropyl acetate and ester hydrolysis to form tertiary-butyl alcohol (TBA). A minor route involves oxidation of the acetate moiety. Based on the proportion of metabolites that can clearly be assigned to one or the other major pathway, hydroxylation of the tertiary-butyl moiety prevails at 100?ppm, while hydrolysis of the ester bond predominates at 1000?ppm. Based on nose-only inhalation exposure of rats to TBAC for 6?h, the LC50 for males and females combined is approximately 4200?ppm. Clinical signs included exaggerated breathing, staggering, tremors, and lethargy approximately 1?h after the exposure, but all surviving rats appeared normal from 24?h until the end of the 14?day observation period. An LC50 was not identified for mice. After exposure of whole body for 6?h to 3000?ppm, the highest concentration tested, all mice were prostrate for most of the exposure time, but there were no deaths. Groups of five male and five female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed nose-only to 0, 100, 400, or 1600?ppm TBAC 6?h?day?1 5 days?wk?1 for 2?weeks. There were no effects on body weight, feed or water consumption, or necropsy findings. Male rats exposed to 1600?ppm had increased liver weights and hypertrophy of centrilobular hepatocytes. An increased proportion of cortical tubule cells with hyaline droplet accumulation was observed in all treated groups of males. Groups of five male and five female CD-1 mice were exposed whole body to 0, 190, 375, 750, or 1500?ppm TBAC 6?h?day?1 for 14 consecutive days. There were no effects on body weight, feed consumption, or necropsy findings. Liver weights were increased in female mice at 750 and 1500?ppm. Minimal hypertrophy of centrilobular hepatocytes was found in female mice at 375, 750, and 1500?ppm and in male mice at 1500?ppm TBAC. TBAC did not induce gene mutations in bacterial tests with strains of S. typhimurium and E. coli. Further, there was no evidence of clastogenic activity from tests either for the induction of chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes in vitro in the presence or absence of S9 mix or for the induction of micronuclei in bone marrow cells of rats exposed by inhalation for 6?h to 1600?ppm TBAC. These results are relevant to human health risk assessment and are discussed in the context of previous studies. The weight of the scientific evidence supports the conclusion that TBAC has lower acute toxicity than previously suggested, that it is rapidly excreted when inhaled, and that neither TBAC nor its TBA metabolite are genotoxic or potential human carcinogens. 相似文献
144.
The productivity and eciency of cellulase are significant in cellulose hydrolysis. With the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), the pH value in anaerobic digestion system is reduced. Therefore, this study will find out how the pH and the amount of acetate inuence the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. The eects of pH and acetate on cellulase produced from Bacillus coagulans were studied at various pH 5-8, and acetate concentrations (0-60 mmol/L). A batch kinetic model for enzymatic cellulose hydrol... 相似文献
145.
CO2 is the main greenhouse gas which causes global climatic changes on larger scale. Many techniques have been utilised to capture CO2. Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. The separation of CO2 by a membrane is not just a process to physically sieve out of CO2 through the controlled membrane pore size. It mainly depends upon diffusion and solubility of gases, particularly for composite dense membranes. The blended components in composite membranes have a high capability to adsorb CO2. The adsorption kinetics of the gases may directly affect diffusion and solubility. In this study, we have investigated the adsorption behaviour of CO2 in pure and composite membranes to explore the complete understanding of diffusion and solubility of CO2 through membranes. Pure cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate-titania nanoparticle (CA-TiO2) composite membranes were fabricated and characterised using SEM and FTIR analysis. The results indicated that the blended CA-TiO2 membrane adsorbed more quantity of CO2 gas as compared to pure CA membrane. The high CO2 adsorption capacity may enhance the diffusion and solubility of CO2 in the CA-TiO2 composite membrane, which results in a better CO2 separation. The experimental data was modelled by Pseudo first-order, pseudo second order and intra particle diffusion models. According to correlation factor R2, the Pseudo second order model was fitted well with experimental data. The intra particle diffusion model revealed that adsorption in dense membranes was not solely consisting of intra particle diffusion. 相似文献
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147.
本文采用醋酸苯胺与糠醛作用缩合成红色化合物的特性,运用正交设计合理选择实验条件.取经水蒸汽蒸馏后的炼油废水样品,加入醮酸苯胺和稳定剂,在20℃的水浴中显示40分钟,于波长518nm处比色测定糠醛含量.测定上限3.0mg/L,最低检出浓度为0.3mg/L,加标回收率90—110%,变异系数<5%。 相似文献