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31.
When steam is injected into soil containing a dense volatile non-aqueous phase liquid contaminant, the DNAPL vaporized within the heated soil region condenses and accumulates ahead of the steam condensation front. If enough DNAPL accumulates, gravitational forces can overcome trapping forces allowing the liquid contaminant to flow downward. By injecting air with steam, a portion of the DNAPL vapor remains suspended in equilibrium with the air, decreasing liquid contaminant accumulation ahead of the steam condensation front, and thus reducing the possibility of downward migration. In a previous work, a theoretical model was developed to predict the optimum injection ratio of air to steam that would eliminate accumulation of DNAPL ahead of the temperature front and thus minimize the potential for downward migration. In this work, the theoretical model is summarized, and an experiment is presented in order to evaluate the optimum injection ratio prediction. In the experiment, a two-dimensional water saturated sand pack is contaminated with a known mass of TCE (DNAPL). The system is then remediated by co-injecting air and steam at the predicted optimum injection ratio, calculated based on the average contaminant soil concentration in the sand pack. Results for the co-injection of air and steam are compared to results for the injection of pure steam or pure air. Injection at the predicted optimum injection ratio for a volumetric average NAPL saturation, reduced accumulation of the contaminant ahead of the condensation front by over 90%, as compared to steam injection alone. This indicates that the optimum injection ratio prediction is a valuable tool for limiting the spreading of DNAPL during steam-enhanced extraction. Injection at the optimum injection ratio resulted in earlier recovery of contaminant than for steam injection alone. Co-injection of steam and air is also shown to result in much higher recovery rates than air injection alone. 相似文献
32.
A theoretical model of air and steam co-injection to prevent the downward migration of DNAPLs during steam-enhanced extraction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
When steam is injected into soil containing a dense volatile non-aqueous phase liquid contaminant the DNAPL vaporized within the heated soil region condenses and accumulates ahead of the steam condensation front. If enough DNAPL accumulates, gravitational forces can overcome trapping forces allowing the liquid contaminant to flow downward. By injecting air with steam, a portion of the DNAPL vapor remains suspended in equilibrium with the air, decreasing liquid contaminant accumulation ahead of the steam condensation front, and thus reducing the possibility of downward migration. In this work, a one-dimensional theoretical model is developed to predict the injection ratio of air to steam that will prevent the accumulation of volatile DNAPLs. The contaminated region is modeled as a one-dimensional homogeneous porous medium with an initially uniform distribution of a single component contaminant. Mass and energy balances are combined to determine the injection ratio of air to steam that eliminates accumulation of the contaminant ahead of the steam condensation front, and hence reduces the possibility of downward migration. The minimum injection ratio that eliminates accumulation is defined as the optimum injection ratio. Example calculations are presented for three DNAPLs, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), trichloroethylene (TCE), and perchloroethylene (PCE). The optimum injection ratio of air to steam is shown to depend on the initial saturation and the volatility of the liquid contaminant. Numerical simulation results are presented to validate the model, and to illustrate downward migration for ratios less than optimum. Optimum injection ratios determined from numerical simulations are shown to be in good agreement with the theoretical model. 相似文献
33.
利用AA3流动注射分析仪,同时对地表水中的挥发酚和氰化物进行测定,分析流程中使用了在线恒温蒸馏器。同传统的分析方法相比,本法分析测定数据准确、可靠、高效,大大缩短了测定时间,只需将两种标准配制成混合标样,一次取样完成两个项目的测定。回收率为90%~110%,相关系数达到0.9992以上。 相似文献
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在线消解流动注射分光光度法测定废水中总氮 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了克服传统分析法消解条件苛刻,工作效率低的缺点,采用微波在线消解水样,并将流动注射分析技术与N-(1-萘基)乙二胺光度法相结合,建立了一种测定水中总氮的分析方法。通过优化试剂浓度等实验条件,总氮的检出限为0.03mg/L,线性范围为0.03~3.5mg/L。对TN-203214的标准样品进行测定的结果与推荐值基本一致。应用于废水样的测定,加标回收率为96.8%~97.3%。 相似文献
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“烟塔合一”技术的应用现状及有关问题的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了国内外燃煤电厂"烟塔合一"技术的应用现状,阐述了"烟塔合一"的工艺流程及技术特点,重点进行了"烟塔合一"排烟方案与常规的烟囱排烟方案对环境影响的对比分析,并针对燃煤电厂"烟塔合一"技术在环评过程中存在的问题进行探讨。 相似文献
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40.
生物菌剂对石油污染土壤生物修复作用的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在实验室条件下,研究了生物菌剂的投加量、投加方式及环境温度对石油污染土壤的修复作用 结果表明,土壤中石油烃的降解效果与生物菌剂的投加量呈正相关,当生物菌剂投加量为0.6mg·kg-1时,修复,48 d 后,石油烃的降解率为87%.GC-MS分析结果表明,石油污染原土中烷烃的含量最高为82.1%其次为烯烃,含量为16%,还含有少量的胡萝卜烷、烷基萘、甾烷和藿烷% 添加生物菌剂修复40 d 后,峰的数量由32个减少为14个,表明异构烷烃、烯烃、胡萝卜烷全部被降解,残留的物质为较难降解的正构烷烃、藿烷和甾烷,呈现前高后低的峰形,即接种细菌优先降解高碳组分,将长链的烷烃降解为短链的烷烃,随着生物菌剂投加量的增加,土壤中残留石油烃的含量逐渐降低% 一次加入生物菌剂修复,48 d后的峰高明显低于分2 次加入的相应值,故一次性全部加入生物菌剂是最佳的投加方式% 温度是限制石油污染土壤生物修复的重要环境因素,当温度为30℃第,48 d 的降解率可达80%,当温度为20℃,第,48 d的降解率可达60%,温度高有利于土壤中石油烃的降解,加快修复 相似文献