Lower back pain and its association with whole-body vibration and manual materials handling among commercial drivers in Sabah

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of lower back pain (LBP) and its association with whole-body vibration (WBV) and manual materials handling (MMH). We studied 110 commercial vehicle drivers using a self-administered questionnaire and the VI-400Pro human vibration monitor. Prevalence of LBP was 66.4%. The percentage of drivers who had frequent manual handling of heavy loads was 45.5% and those who handled heavy loads in awkward postures accounted for 86.4%. Daily vibration A(8) averaged on the z axis was 0.25 (0.06) m·s^?2 and at vector sum was 0.29 (0.07) m·s^?2. Daily vibration exposures on the z axis, frequent manual handling of heavy loads and awkward posture during MMH were significantly associated with LBP. Drivers who are exposed to WBV and frequently handle heavy loads manually and with awkward postures probably have more LBP than drivers who are exposed to only one of these risk factors.     

井架背车液压系统故障诊断与处理

介绍了井架背车液压系统常见故障现场快速诊断方法,列举了常见故障处理实例及故障诊断效果。     

Pollutants removal and simulation model of combined membrane process for wastewater treatment and reuse in submarine cabin for long voyage

A laboratory scale test was conducted in a combined membrane process (CMP) with a capacity of 2.91 m3/d for 240 d to treat the mixed wastewater of humidity condensate, hygiene wastewater and urine in submarine cabin during prolonged voyage. Removal performance of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N), turbidity and anionic surfactants (LAS) was investigated under di erent conditions. It was observed that the e uent COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS flocculated in ranges of 0.19–0.85 mg/L, 0.03–0.18 mg/L, 0.0–0.15 NTU and 0.0–0.05 mg/L, respectively in spite of considerable fluctuation in corresponding influent of 2120–5350 mg/L, 79.5–129.3 mg/L, 110–181.1NTU and 4.9–5.4 mg/L. The e uent quality of the CMP could meet the requirements of mechanical water and hygiene water according to the class I water quality standards in China (GB3838-2002). The removal rates of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS removed in the MBR were more than 90%, which indicated that biodegradation is indispensable and plays a major role in the wastewater treatment and reuse. A model, built on the back propagation neural network (BPNN) theory, was developed for the simulation of CMP and produced high reliability. The average error of COD and NH4 +-N was 5.14% and 6.20%, respectively, and the root mean squared error of turbidity and LAS was 2.76% and 1.41%, respectively. The results indicated that the model well fitted the laboratory data, and was able to simulate the removal of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS. It also suggested that the model proposed could reflect and manage the operation of CMP for the treatment of the mixed wastewaters in submarine.     

利用后推气流轨迹解析丹东降水气团来源的研究

根据2007年丹东33场降水的72h后推气流轨迹,分析影响丹东降水酸度变化的主要气团方向。结果表明,来自西北方向的气团形成降水酸度不强,经过我国华东、京津冀以及山东半岛等工业发达地区的西南方向气团,形成降水酸度较强,途经朝鲜半岛的东南方向气团,100%为酸性降水,严重影响丹东降水的酸度。     

南京市夏季大气气溶胶新粒子生成事件分析

研究了南京市夏季大气气溶胶数浓度的基本特征和气溶胶新粒子生成事件的形成条件及其影响因子.应用宽范围颗粒粒径谱仪(WPS)和双光路差分吸收光谱仪(DOAS)对南京市2010年7月大气气溶胶数浓度谱分布和污染气体(O3、SO2和NO2)进行了观测,并结合气象要素观测数据和后向轨迹模式模拟,探讨了南京市夏季大气气溶胶新粒子生成的条件及其影响因子.结果表明,南京市夏季10～500nm气溶胶平均数浓度为1.7×104cm-3,与北美和欧洲的一些典型城市观测值相近;10～25 nm气溶胶粒子数浓度占总数浓度的比例为25%.观测期间共出现6次新粒子生成事件,通过分析发现比较稳定的风速风向、较强的太阳辐射有利于南京夏季新粒子的形成.南京夏季新粒子生成事件的相对湿度条件在50%～70%,通过后向轨迹模式模拟的结果发现偏东风或偏南风带来的海洋性洁净气团有利于新粒子的生成.南京夏季新粒子生成事件发生时,10～25 nm气溶胶数浓度与SO2的浓度呈正相关,与O3的浓度呈负相关,而与NO2的浓度相关性较差.     

How do you build back better so no one is left behind? Lessons from Sint Maarten,Dutch Caribbean,following Hurricane Irma

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals call for action to build back better in ways that leave no one behind. At the same time, ensuring a local voice is increasingly central to humanitarian engagement. These aims contrast with limited analysis of how local actors might be supported in these respects during response and recovery, and how far recommendations are specific or generalisable across richer and poorer national contexts. The paper begins by comparing lessons learnt by survivors and community organisations in Sint Maarten, Dutch Caribbean, following a high‐income state‐led response to Hurricane Irma in 2017 with the priorities of lower income, humanitarian‐led endeavours. The differences reveal the importance of economic resources as the basis for individual self‐reliance and a fragmented civil society with limited leadership ambitions in Sint Maarten. Strong cross‐cultural alignment nevertheless allows for a globally‐relevant and yet contextually‐sensitive framework for survivor‐led action and reconstruction.     

驾驶员注意涣散检测技术研究

通过对注意涣散时驾驶员头部运动及面部表情变化特征的分析,系统实时监测驾驶员眼睛、嘴巴位置和运动状态信息,构建驾驶员注意涣散特征表征参量,实现对驾驶员注意涣散状态信息的检测与提取。驾驶员注意涣散表征量具有复杂的非线性特征,利用BP神经网络非线性识别的优势对驾驶员注意特征进行模式分类,实现驾驶员不同注意涣散状态下的特征捕捉。同时采用Dempster-Shafer证据推理技术,对驾驶注意涣散多源表征信息进行决策融合,实现对驾驶员注意涣散状态的判断。结果表明,BP神经网络与D-S规则多源信息决策融合技术的运用提高了驾驶员注意涣散特征检测的准确性和可靠性。     

硫酸盐还原过程中SRB的限制性生态因子的BP神经网络建模与仿真

利用BP神经网络对产酸脱硫反应器（专利设备，ZL：98240801.3）处理高浓度硫酸盐废水时硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）的限制性生态因子（COD/SO^2-4比、pH值、ALK、SO^2-4负荷率）进行建模与仿真，从而实现了多变量函数关系的映射与泛化，并从数学生态学角度定量表征了产酸脱硫微生物生态系统中SRB种群的代谢活性与实现生态位。     

2种多级厌氧系统处理高浓度焦化废水

利用多级厌氧无污泥返混与多级厌氧有污泥返混系统处理高浓度焦化污水后 ,证明多级厌氧无污泥返混系统 (各步之间没有生物数量的混合 )的性能优于多级厌氧有污泥返混系统 (各步之间有生物数量混合 )。多级厌氧无污泥返混比多级厌氧有污泥返混系统更能抵抗冲击荷载 (pH值高、COD和NH3 N浓度高 )、产生更多的沼气     

原状黄土的反压饱和法试验研究

含水量是黄土液化特性研究中的一个至关重要的参数,对原状黄土进行充分饱和是饱和黄土动三轴试验中一个不可回避的课题。以WF公司生产的WF12440型空心圆柱扭剪仪为实验平台,运用反压饱和法,对室内原状黄土进行了饱和试验研究。该仪器提供3种不同加压方式增加围压和反压(孔压),即手动加压、自动加压和线性持续加压,通过检测孔隙压力系数B值是否达到0.95以上来判断黄土是否完全饱和。试验表明,即便是初始饱和度较低的原状黄土,也可以采用反压饱和法,在较短的时间内使孔压系数B值达到0.95以上,实现完全饱和,具体可以采用线性连续加压方式;初始压力差,即围压和反压之差一般可设为10 kPa,起始围压也设为10 kPa,太大或太小都会对试样造成破坏;如果孔压在1分钟内的变化值小于围压和反压之间压力差的5%,则认为孔压稳定,即可进行B值检测。