构树修复对重金属污染土壤环境质量的影响

通过温室盆栽试验,研究构树（Broussonetia papyrifera）生长对重金属污染土壤酶活性和微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,构树修复污染土壤中酶活性和微生物多样性明显提高.经270d培养后,构树生长土壤中蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性与种植土壤相比分别显著（P<0.05）提高3.12倍和2.29倍;土壤脱氢酶与有效态As、Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu含量,蔗糖酶与有效态Cd含量,以及磷酸酶与有效态Cd和Cu含量之间呈显著负相关（P<0.05）.根据16S和18S rDNA PCR-DGGE分析表明,构树修复可提高污染土壤中细菌和丛枝菌根真菌多样性.上述结果表明,构树修复可有效改善重金属污染土壤的环境质量.然而,污染土壤中重金属有效态含量下降不明显,必须辅助物理和化学措施来强化构树对重金属污染土壤的生态修复潜力.     

Investigating the bacterial community and amoebae population in rural domestic wastewater reclamation for irrigation

Reclamation of domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation is viewed as a sustainable option to create an alternative water source and address water scarcity. Free-living amoebae(FLA), which are amphizoic protozoa, are widely distributed in various environmental sources. The FLA could cause considerable environmental and health risks. However, little information is available on the risk of these protozoa. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility using rural domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation, and analyzed dynamic changes of the microbial community structure and FLA populations in raw and treated wastewater, as well as the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of lettuce production sites that were irrigated with different water sources. The bacterial community dynamics were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP). The bacterial community structures in the influent were similar to that in the effluent, while in some cases relative abundances varied significantly. The populations of Acanthamoeba spp. and Hartmannella vermiformis in the anaerobically treated wastewater were significantly higher than in the raw wastewater. The vegetables could harbor diverse amoebae, and the abundances of Acanthamoeba spp. and H. vermiformis in the rhizosphere were significantly higher than in the phyllosphere. Accordingly, our studies show insight into the distribution and dissemination of amoebae in wastewater treatment and irrigation practices.     

基于VA One船舶舱室动力设备空气噪声控制分析

目的研究舱室间壁板不同约束条件及不同敷设方式对隔声量的影响。方法用VA One建立两个舱室的统计能量分析(Statistical Energy Analysis,SEA)模型,对约束阻尼结构和自由阻尼结构的隔声性能进行分析。针对约束阻尼结构,讨论其两侧金属层厚度差对整个壁板的隔声性能的影响;对自由阻尼结构,分析金属层与阻尼层之间的相对位置对其隔声性能影响。结果约束阻尼结构隔声量A计权声压级比自由阻尼结构高。结论阻尼层厚度和壁板总厚度一定时,自由阻尼结构金属层与阻尼层之间的相对位置对实际的隔声性能并没有影响;约束阻尼结构,两侧金属层等厚敷设时,其隔声效果最优,且两侧厚度差越大隔声量越小。     

水稻土中五氯酚的降解转化动态及其对微生物群落的影响

采用室内培养实验,研究厌氧条件下水稻土中五氯酚(Pentachlorophenol,PCP)的还原转化与微生物群落组成变化。结果表明,室内培养实验条件下,PCP在水稻土样品中降解比较迅速,在反应17 d时,实验添加的PCP能够完全被还原转化。高通量测序结果显示PCP的添加明显改变了水稻土壤的微生物群落结构,其微生物多样性显著下降,在PCP降解完之后逐渐恢复。原始土壤以及添加PCP的土壤样品中其优势微生物主要分布在变形菌门(Proteobacteria)。PCP添加刺激了水稻土中伯克氏菌科(Burkholderiaceae)、丛毛单胞菌科(Comamonadaceae)、地杆菌科(Geobacteraceae)、红环菌科(Rhodocyclaceae)和假单胞菌科(Pseudomonadaceae)等脱氯相关的微生物菌群繁殖,成为PCP降解过程中的优势菌群,有利于PCP还原降解。本研究结果可为水稻土中有机氯农药污染物的微生物降解脱毒提供理论依据。     

FRP加固金属结构技术应用研究进展

从FRP加固金属结构设计研究、界面性能研究、工艺研究、耐久性研究等4个方面回顾了FRP加固金属结构技术的发展历程。探讨了FRP加固技术的优势,总结了现阶段FRP修复技术取得的成就和现阶段发展存在的不足。最后,对未来FRP修复技术的发展做了总结。可以预见,随着高性能FRP的不断研制成功以及研究的深入,FRP修复技术必将得到更广泛的应用。     

Economic development and environmental protection: an ecological economics perspective

This paper argues on both theoretical and empirical grounds that, beyond a certain point, there is an unavoidable conflictbetween economic development (generally taken to mean 'materialeconomic growth') and environmental protection. Think for a moment of natural forests, grasslands, marine estuaries, salt marshes, and coral reefs; and of arable soils, aquifers, mineraldeposits, petroleum, and coal. These are all forms of 'natural capital' that represent highly-ordered self-producing ecosystemsor rich accumulations of energy/matter with high use potential (low entropy). Now contemplate despoiled landscapes, eroding farmlands, depleted fisheries, anthropogenic greenhouse gases,acid rain, poisonous mine tailings and toxic synthetic compounds.These all represent disordered systems or degraded forms of energy and matter with little use potential (high entropy). The main thing connecting these two states is human economic activity. Ecological economics interprets the environment-economyrelationship in terms of the second law of thermodynamics. The second law sees economic activity as a dissipative process. Fromthis perspective, the production of economic goods andservices invariably requires the consumption of available energy and matter. To grow and develop, the economynecessarily 'feeds' on sources of high-quality energy/matter first produced by nature. This tends to disorder and homogenizethe ecosphere, The ascendance of humankind has consistently been accompanied by an accelerating rate of ecological degradation, particularly biodiversity loss, the simplificationof natural systems and pollution. In short, contemporary political rhetoric to the contrary, the prevailing growth-oriented global development paradigm is fundamentally incompatible with long-term ecological and social sustainability. Unsustainability is not a technical nor economic problem as usually conceived, but rather a state of systemic incompatibilitybetween a economy that is a fully-contained, growing, dependent sub-system of a non-growing ecosphere. Potential solutions fly inthe face of contemporary development trends and cultural values.     

Selecting Socio-Economic Metrics for Watershed Management

The selection of social and economic metrics to document baseline conditions and analyze the dynamic relationships between ecosystems and human communities are important decisions for scientists, managers, and watershed citizens. A large variety of social and economic data is available but these have limited use without theoretical frameworks. In this paper, several frameworks for reviewing social-ecosystem relations are offered, namely social sanctions, sense of place, civic structure, and cultural differences. Underlying all of these frameworks are attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms that affect which questions are asked and which indicators are chosen. Much work and significant challenges remain in developing a standard set of spatially based socio-economic metrics for watershed management.     

东南大陆岩石圈板块地体构造

东南大陆的地质构造模型,具有欧亚大陆边缘向洋增生的独特形式。除外来地体之外,或以扩张、地幔上涌,洋壳向大陆地壳转化,并不断向洋增生;或是大陆分裂,地幔柱——热点物质不断注入变薄和破裂了的地壳,形成区域性新的生长构造层,构造岩浆地质体表现为有独特属性的“A型”花岗岩和流纹岩链。这些高DI值的富硅富碱富钠质岩石,出现在欧亚大陆边缘的重力梯度带上。裂解带的地壳结构模式是上地壳存在着重力不稳定的硅铝低速带;中地壳有洋——陆过渡型地壳的“类裂谷型”结构,P波速度为6.3～6.4km/s的中间壳层;在下地壳下部有速度为7.0～7.4km/s的壳——幔混合型高速层;随着“异常”的上地幔的形成,有大范围的热活动和壳——幔边界穹窿,穹窿的地盖比正常区为为薄。由于化学库和化学边界层的横向不连续,可划分出古老基底和后期地质发展史完全迥异的两个亚板块;和以壳层(或幔层)断裂为边界特点的八个地体;一个以分裂为主,并具热点径迹的最新生长构造层的扩张——裂解构造岩浆地体。     

Quantitative structure - activity study on the reductivedehalogenation potency of the halogenated aromatics

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乙酸型顶极群落的内平衡与反馈调节机制研究

通过产酸脱硫反应器处理高浓度硫酸盐有机废水的连续流试验，从“动态”角度考察COD／SO4^2-比改变引起的pH值、氧化还原电位（ORP）、碱度（ALK）和末端产物（VFAs）等的变动及生态因子的叠加效应引发的优势种群变迁，分析了乙酸型顶极群落的稳定性及其发生定向性生态演替的规律，进而阐明了乙酸型顶极群落抵抗环境压力的内平衡与反馈调节机制，并指出乙酸型代谢和乙酸型顶极群落是产酸脱硫生态系统的典型特征。