渔塘坝微地域高Se环境中土壤Se的分布规律及其影响因素

选取迄今世界上唯一发生过人群Ｓｅ中毒的湖北恩施双河乡渔塘坝为研究区,在渔塘坝０．０１ｋｍ＾２的微地域内,土壤Ｓｅ的分布存在着显著的不均一性,控制渔坝土壤Ｓｅ分布的３个主要因素是地形,土壤粒度和成土母质的含Ｓｅ量及出露情况,其中地形是最重要的控制因素。土壤Ｓｅ的分布规律表明,在表生的中强化学风化环境Ｓｅ是一种极为活泼的元素,易于积累Ｓｅ的负地形是最易于Ｓｅ中毒发性的地貌位置。     

Chemical characteristics of aerosols at coastal station in Hong Kong.Ⅱ.Environmental behavior of trace elements during the April 1995 to April 1996

An one-year of sampling aerosol program was carried out during the period of April 1995 to April 1996 atcoastal region, Cape D'Aguilar, in Hong Kong. The trace element composition of aerosol particles(TSP and PM10)were measured and analyzed by using the Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Inductive CouplePlasma-Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS) techniques. The results showed that the polluted elements such as: V, Zn,As, Pb, Cd, Sb, I, Se, Bi, with high enrichment factor( E. F) values, are derived from anthropogenic sources ,while Sc, Al, Fe, Mn, Sm, La, Sr are less than 10 in E. F, these elements are related the crust and soil. Theconcentration of the trace elements are present seasonal variation i.e. summer low and winter high, whereas the Vor noncrustal V(V* ) present summer high and winter low, this phenomenon might be explained by local or regionaloil combustion sources. Use three type of elemental ratio, e.g. La/Sm, Mn* /V* and Bi/Al indicate that both TSPand PM10 of La/Sm ratios are mainly related to soil and dust, Mn*/V* are probably represent fossil combustion andBi/Al are possibly associated with refuse incineration, ferromanganese alloys and aluminum production. The varimaxrotation factor analysis for trace elements was performed. By means of the absolute principal component analysis(APCA) and multiple regression, the contribution of trace elements to possible sources and overall means of traceelements were estimated. The results showed that the present station is impacted by the anthropogenic species,although the quantities are different during the summertime and wintertime.     

基于温度循环失效机理的铝制金属密封圈疲劳寿命仿真

目的 解决真空法兰密封中的金属密封圈寿命难以预测的问题.方法 基于金属密封圈的失效机理,提出一种疲劳仿真方法 ,对金属密封圈的使用寿命进行有效预测.通过有限元仿真方法 对金属密封圈安装过程及其使用过程进行仿真模拟,得到金属密封圈使用过程的应力分布,然后结合Conffin-Manson疲劳模型,对金属密封圈的使用寿命进行...     

熵权物元分析模型在湖泊富营养化评价中的应用

根据熵权法确定评价指标权重,利用物元分析方法对湖泊富营养化进行综合评价,评价结果与属性识别理论方法、模糊隶属函数法进行对比,结果表明,利用物元分析法进行湖泊富营养化评价是可行的。     

粘弹性阻尼层减振与动力吸振技术对比研究

目的 实现结构振动最优控制目标.方法 基于振动控制的需求,以工程上典型的九宫格薄板为被控对象,选取合理的安装位置,通过有限元仿真进行附加粘弹性阻尼层和动力吸振器的抑振效能对比研究.结果 附加动力吸振器较附加阻尼层最大可实现69.2％的减幅比.结论 符合最优参数设计的动力吸振器在共振频率附近抑振效果更好,但粘弹性阻尼材料...     

基于熵权-物元的水土资源生态安全探析

加强水土资源的风险管理对频频 发生的土地污染、水质恶化等生态安全问题的改善具有重要意义。 以中国的商品粮基地黑龙江省为例, 通过改进物元可拓模型、熵权法以及构建DPSIR指标体系对区域水土资源生态安全进行研究。 结果表明:2003—2016年黑龙江省水土资源生态安全水平整体呈先上升后下降趋势,可划分为2003—2008年(Ⅱ级危险)、2009—2012年(Ⅲ级敏感)、2013—2016年(Ⅱ级危险)3个相对稳定阶段。 这一变化趋势主要是由于工、农业万元产值耗水量等指标状态逐年改善及农业用水比例过高与生态用水比例不稳定。状态系统与资源环境系统对水土资源生态安全影响最为显著,响应系统与社会经济系统安全值增长最显著。生态用水比例、农业用水比例、地下水开采强度等指标安全等级的降低阻碍地区水土资源生态安全建设, 工、农业万元产值耗水量与农林水支出比例等指标安全等级的提升促进地区水土资源生态安全建设。     

郑州地区双线盾构隧道开挖对桩基础内力与位移的影响

为研究粉细砂层地区盾构隧道下穿建筑物对桩基础内力与位移的影响，以郑州粉细砂层地区盾构施工为例，采用有限元软件 MIDAS-GTS NX 建立地铁盾构隧道下穿建筑物的三维实体模型，分析盾构隧道下穿建筑物的不同阶段对桩体位移、内力的影响。结果表明:在郑州粉细砂层地区进行盾构施工时，盾构工程对桩基础底部位移的影响较大，位移最大值大多发生在桩底；盾构施工对桩身轴力的影响表现为桩身轴力最大值位于距隧道1倍洞径范围内。在进行双线盾构隧道施工时，应在临近、远离2个阶段注意工程的安全与防护问题，并采取相应的预防和保护措施。     

城区建筑施工的环境影响风险评估研究

旧城改造、城中村开发是城市建设发展的重要内容,造成了城区建筑施工场地增多,施工过程对周边环境可能造成一定的不利影响。文章结合城区建筑工程施工特点,利用层次分析法,对城区建筑工程施工的环境影响风险进行评价,提出相应评价指标和因子权重,同时建立物元可拓模型,计算出关联度,从而得到风险等级和主要风险因子。研究结果表明,城区建筑工程施工的环境影响风险等级为中等风险,风险来自噪声、扬尘、安全、排水污染和水土流失五大方面,共15个风险因子,针对风险因子及风险等级,提出相应措施,以达到降低风险的目的。     

高压管汇磁致伸缩导波缺陷检测模拟研究

针对高压管汇导波缺陷检测问题，基于磁致伸缩效应，借助COMSOL有限元仿真软件，建立高压管汇直管段的导波缺陷检测模型，探究导波的激励条件及缺陷检测效果，分析不同参数对缺陷附近磁感应强度分布的影响。研究结果表明:在频率为10 kHz的正弦电流信号激励下，可产生沿管道轴向传播的T（0，1）模态导波，并能辨别缺陷处的回波信号。改变缺陷的尺寸参数时，缺陷附近的磁感应强度随着缺陷深度增加呈增大趋势，随轴向宽度增加呈减小趋势，不同形状的缺陷对应的磁感应强度存在一定的差异；改变激励条件，磁感应强度均随激励电流、激励频率的增加呈不断增加趋势。     

Development of double-variable seismic fragility functions for oil refinery piping systems

Seismic risk assessment of piping systems, as a group of vulnerable facilities in oil refineries, is mostly based on the single-variable fragility curves. However, it is well-known that the fragility curves, developed based on a single intensity measure (IM), are not much reliable. For increasing the confidence level of seismic risk assessment of piping systems, it was tried, in this study, to develop double-variable fragility functions by using peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV) together as the IMs. For this purpose, the piping system of the ISOMAX Unit of Tehran oil refinery was considered, and modeled by a powerful finite element analysis program under various loadings, including gravity, pressure and seismic loads. For seismic analyses 157 set of three-component earthquake records were employed, with PGA and PGV values varying respectively from around 0.1 g–0.6 g and 10 cm/s to 60 cm/s. By using the nonlinear time histories analyses results, two single-IM fragility curves and one double-IM fragility surface were developed based on the probability of exceedance of the maximum created stress, considered as the ‘damage index’, from the allowable stress. The results indicate that using PGA and PGV jointly, as the IMs in the development of fragility functions, provides more reliable vulnerability estimations. For example, the single-IM fragility function gives, for PGA = 0.2 g, a probability of exceedance of 75%, while by using the double-IM fragility function this probability may change from 30% for PGV = 10 cm/s to 95% for PGV = 60 cm/s.