城市交通机动车污染控制研究进展

城市交通机动车污染问题非常复杂，在许多不可控因素，城市交通是一个动态系统，污染物排放量始终处于变化之中，控制城市交通污染，必须严格控制机动车排放，该文介绍了国内外对城市机动车污染控制研究的概况，以及几种城市中污染物扩散的模型，展望了这方面研究前发展趋势，并提出了可持续发展的效能系统设计与管理的新概念。     

总量控制中的协调对策原理与方法

在落实环境总量控制系统优化方案问题上各局中人之间往往存在着众多矛盾和冲突。本文运用决策分析理论,以水环境总量控制为例建立了协调对策原理与方法,提出了对系统整体和各局中人都易于接受的协商谈判所应遵循的基本原则和系统方案。     

Chance-constrained programming (CCP)abatement of SO_2 emission for acid deposition control in Liuzhou City

A deterministic linear programming model which optimizes the abatement of each SO2 emission source, is extended into a CCP form by introducing equations of probabilistic constrained through the incorporation of uncertainty in the source-receptor-specific transfer coefficients. Based on the calculation of SO2 and sulfate average residence time for Liuzhou City, a sulfur deposition model has been developed and the distribution of transfer coefficients have been found to be approximately log-normal. Sulfur removal minimization of the model shows that the abatement of emission sources in the city is more effective, while control cost optimization provides the lowest cost programmes for source abatement at each allowable deposition limit under varied environmental risk levels. Finally a practicable programme is recommended.     

湿式氧化技术处理炼油厂碱渣废水

考察了湿式氧化法处理运行过程 ,以及相关参数的控制方案。在实现装置出水、废气达标排放的前提下 ,稳定控制装置运行是可以实现的。如后续有酸化除酚工艺和SBR工艺进行再处理 ,则应选用温度 (14 5± 5 )℃ ,压力控制在 0 6～ 0 .7MPa的湿式氧化法     

故障安全控制系统在催化裂化装置的应用

介绍霍尼韦尔公司故障安全控制系统FSC的技术特点以及在我厂重油催化裂化装置的应用情况，说明了该装置故障安全控制系统组成和操作界面，并总结了应用效果。     

挥发酚空白的质量控制

挥发酚空白的质量控制应采取以下措施：实验用水应为无酚水、提纯4-氨基安替比林试剂、确定检测限及空白实验的质控图。     

Methodological and Practical Considerations for Developing Multiproject Baselines for Electric Power and Cement Industry Projects in Central America

The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the Center for Sustainable Development in the Americas (CSDA) conducted technical studies and organized two training workshops to develop capacity in Central America for the evaluation of climate change projects. This paper describes the results of two baseline case studies conducted for these workshops, one for the power sector and one for the cement industry, that were devised to illustrate certain approaches to baseline setting. Multiproject baseline emission rates (BERs) for the main Guatemalan electricity grid were calculated from 2001 data. In recent years, the Guatemalan power sector has experienced rapid growth; thus, a sufficient number of new plants have been built to estimate viable BERs. We found that BERs for baseload plants offsetting additional baseload capacity ranged from 0.702 kgCO2/kWh (using a weighted average stringency) to 0.507 kgCO2/kWh (using a 10th percentile stringency), while the baseline for plants offsetting load-following capacity is lower at 0.567 kgCO2/kWh. For power displaced from existing load-following plants, the rate is higher, 0.735 kgCO2/kWh, as a result of the age of some plants used for meeting peak loads and the infrequency of their use. The approved consolidated methodology for the Clean Development Mechanism yields a single rate of 0.753 kgCO2/kWh. Due to the relatively small number of cement plants in the region and the regional nature of the cement market, all of Central America was chosen as the geographic boundary for setting cement industry BERs. Unfortunately, actual operations and output data were unobtainable for most of the plants in the region, and many data were estimated. Cement industry BERs ranged from 205 kgCO2 to 225 kgCO2 per metric ton of cement.     

重型柴油车实际道路排放与行驶工况的相关性研究

采用SEMTECH-D车载排放测试仪测量了东风柴油卡车在城市实际道路工况以及等速和加速工况下的油耗及污染物排放状况.测试结果显示,测试卡车实际道路综合百公里油耗为17.8 L,NOx、CO和HC排放因子分别为3.96、8.86和2.15g·km-1.其中主干道路况相对较差,油耗与排放因子较高,是所有测试道路平均水平的1.3～1.8倍左右.研究结果表明,重型车油耗及污染物排放与各行驶工况下的速度、加速度均密切相关,车辆在高速加速行驶状态下易产生高排放.车辆在30～50 km·h-1速度区间内等速行驶时,油耗与排放因子最为经济且环境友好.车辆在加速行驶时,油耗与NOx、CO排放因子可达到城市实际道路平均水平的2.0、2.2、1.4倍,急加速时达到2.8、2.1、14倍.应用比功率概念可准确描述车辆在各运行工况下的排放水平,但在重型车上缺乏实验依据,有待进一步研究.     

焦化废水污染特征及其控制过程与策略分析

针对量大面广、成分复杂、具有典型的有毒/难降解工业有机废水特征的焦化废水,介绍了不同生产工艺的水质水量、污染物组成、有机污染物的生物降解特性及基于其特性的废水处理方法的选择;重点分析了以脱氮为目标的A/O、A2/O、A/O2、O/A/O工艺的特点,强调了生物流化床反应器的高效性;从溶解氧、温度、pH值、营养组成、污泥龄及有毒有害物质调控等方面讨论了焦化废水污染控制过程的影响因素,比较了不同工程工艺的技术特点与经济差异,对一些敏感性指标提出了控制策略,强调了技术创新与政策性补偿有助于解决行业环保问题的观点.     

工业源污染物排放总量的系统控制

提出了工业污染源污染物排放总量控制管理系统的建立与构成 ,提出了总量控制因子与目标体系 ,确定了污染物排放总量控制技术与管理方法。