Multiresidue analysis and monitoring of pesticides in rice by pressurized liquid extraction

The aim of this study was to assess the performance of a method of analyzing pesticides in rice by using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and to perform a preliminary monitoring by using that method. The instrumental quantification limit, instrumental detection limit, method quantification limit, and method detection limit were determined. PLE temperature was also optimized for 6 target pesticides. Mean recoveries of spiked rice with target pesticides (4 ng/g and 40 ng/g) were 83%–109% with the repeatability of the analysis, represented as relative standard deviations, ranged from 1.3% to 11% (n = 5) for PLE at 130°C. These results were satisfactory according to the method of positive list in Japan. In a preliminary analysis of 10 target pesticides in 54 commercial rice samples, ferimzone was detected in only one unpolished rice sample.     

Effect of composting on the Cd,Zn and Mn content and fractionation in feedstock mixtures with wood chips from a short-rotation coppice and bark

Micronutrient content and availability in composts may be affected by the addition of wood chips or tree bark as a bulking agent in the compost feedstock. In the first part of this study, micronutrient levels were assessed in bark and wood of poplar and willow clones in a short-rotation coppice. Large differences between species were observed in bark concentrations for Cd, Zn and Mn. In the second part of the study, we aimed to determine the effect of feedstock composition and composting on Cd, Zn and Mn concentrations and availability. By means of three composting experiments we examined the effect of (a) bark of different tree species, (b) the amount of bark, and (c) the use of bark versus wood chips. In general, compost characteristics such as pH, organic matter and nutrient content varied due to differences in feedstock mixture and composting process. During the composting process, the availability of Cd, Zn and Mn decreased, although the use of willow and poplar bark or wood chips resulted in elevated total Cd, Zn or Mn concentrations in the compost. Cd concentrations in some composts even exceeded legal criteria. Cd and Zn were mainly bound in the reducible fraction extracted with 0.5 M NH₂OH?HCl. A higher acid-extractable fraction for Mn than for Cd and Zn was found. Higher Cd concentrations in the compost due to the use of bark or wood chips did not result in higher risk of Cd leaching. The results of the pH-stat experiment with gradual acidification of composts illustrated that only a strong pH decline in the compost results in higher availability of Cd, Zn and Mn.     

Sustainable growth: Compatibility between a plausible growth criterion and the initial state

There is a large body of research devoted to understanding sustainable growth in resource-based economies. Some of this research cannot be applied to real economies directly because the initial states of real economies do not match the initial states assumed in the models. Using a model of theDasgupta–Heal–Solow–Stiglitz variety the paper shows that inconsistency between assumed and actual initial states can lead to a less desirable, in particular, a Pareto inferior path of consumption per capita. The paper also presents a methodology for constructing transition paths from an imperfect initial state to an initial state compatible with the standard steady state consumption path.     

环境科学数字图书馆信息资源建设中的著作权问题

针对数字图书馆信息资源建设中面临的著作权问题,依照著作权法等相关法律,分析了环境科学数字图书馆建设中涉及到的实体馆藏文献数字化、虚拟馆藏等著作权问题,并提出了完善相关法律、加强著作权集体管理体制、建立图书馆版权联盟等对策与措施。     

Improved Gas Chromatographic method for analysis of trichlorfon insecticide in soil and turfgrass thatch

Abstract

An improved Gas Chromatographic method utilizing simple extraction and one‐step purification on solid phase extraction tubes was developed for analysis of trichlorfon as an intact insecticide compound in turfgrass thatch and soil. A Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrum (GC/MS) was used for confirmation of trichlorfon structure. The method readily determines trichlorfon in the presence of dichlorvos. Using an electron capture (EC) detector, the detection limits were 0.02 ppm in soil, 0.04 ppm in turfgrass thatch, and 0.09 ppm in soil, and 0.2 ppm in turfgrass thatch using an nitrogen phosphorus (NP) detector.     

Testing of a GIS model ofEucalyptus Iargiflorens health on a semiarid,saline floodplain

Irrigated agriculture has resulted in substantial changes in water flows to the lower reaches of the River Murray. These changes have led to large-scale occurrences of dieback inEucalyptus largiflorens (black box) woodlands as well as increased inputs of salt to the river. Management options to address problems of this scale call for the use of spatial data sets via geographic information systems (GIS). A GIS exists for one floodplain of the River Murray at Chowilla, and a simple model predicted six health classes ofEucalyptus largiflorens based on groundwater salinity, flooding frequency, and groundwater depth.To determine the usefulness of the model for vegetation management, the quality of both the model and the GIS data sets were tested. Success of the testing procedure was judged by the degree of spatial matching between the model's predictions of health and that assessed from aerial photographs and by field truthing. Analyses at 80 sites showed that tree health was significantly greater where groundwater salinity was less than 40 dS/m or flooding occurred more frequently than 1 in 10 years or depth to groundwater exceeded 4 m. Testing of the GIS data sets found that vegetation was misclassified at 15% of sites. Association was shown between GIS-predicted values and field-truthed values of groundwater salinity but not groundwater depth. The GIS model of health is a useful starting point for future vegetation management and can be further improved by increasing the quality of the data coverages and further refining of the model to optimize parameters and thresholds.     

废催化剂中金属的回收

简述了含有铂、钒、镍金属组分的废催化剂来源及金属回收工艺，介绍了萃取法在金属回收中的应用。     

用钡渣制取硫酸钡

用盐酸浸取钡渣，所得的氯化钡溶液再和硫酸反庆，得到硫酸钡沉淀，母液返回去浸取钡渣。浸取钡渣的适宜条件为：浸取时间５０ｍｉｎ、ｐＨ２－３、钡渣粒度１２０目、浸取温度４０－４５℃、液固比３：１。     

用松香胺萃取处理含酚废水的研究

用松香胺萃取处理模拟含酚废水。研究了萃取剂组成、油水比、废水酸度对分配系数的影响,萃取温度、萃取时间对脱酚效率的影响,以及反萃剂的浓度、用量和反萃温度对反萃率的影响。