黄柏河流域梯级水库沉积物磷形态特征及磷释放通量分析

为揭示黄柏河流域饮用水源水库的磷负荷特征,采用SMT分级方法对流域内3座梯级水库（玄庙观、天福庙、西北口水库）的沉积物磷形态特征及垂向变化特征进行了分析,并初步估算了沉积物-水界面正磷酸盐释放通量以及各形态磷含量对磷释放的影响.结果发现,沉积物总磷（TP）含量从流域上游至下游水库呈现递减趋势,平均值分别为（8070.0±2251.4）、（2681.2±1709.8）和（2656.6±1599.7）mg·kg^-1,均处于高度污染水平.3座水库中各个采样点磷形态之间的含量主要表现为：HCl-P > OP > NaOH-P.根据Fick第一定律,计算得到流域内3座梯级水库均表现为上覆水正磷酸盐的源,正磷酸盐释放通量从流域上游到下游水库呈现递减趋势,范围为0.0179~0.1825 mg·（m²·d）^-1.正磷酸盐释放通量与表层水体DO和叶绿素呈现正相关,与HCl-P,OP和TP同样表现为显著正相关.     

Pre‐Development Groundwater Conditions Surrounding Memphis,Tennessee: Controversy and Unexpected Outcomes

Reliance on groundwater resources by differing governing bodies can create transboundary disputes raising questions of ownership and apportionment as the resource becomes strained through overuse or threatened by contamination. Transboundary disputes exist at varying scales, from conflicts between countries to smaller disputes between intrastate jurisdictions. In 2005 within the United States, the State of Mississippi filed a lawsuit against its political neighbor and their utility, the City of Memphis and Memphis Light, Gas, and Water, for groundwater deemed owned by the State of Mississippi to be wrongfully diverted across the state line and into Tennessee by the defendants. The basis of the lawsuit was potentiometric maps of groundwater levels for the Memphis aquifer that showed under suggested pre‐development conditions no flow occurring across the Mississippi‐Tennessee state line, but subsequent historic potentiometric maps show a cone of depression under the City of Memphis with a clear northwesterly gradient from Mississippi into Tennessee. The suggested pre‐development conditions were derived from limited groundwater level observations between 41 and 74 years post‐development. A new pre‐development map is constructed using historic records that range 0‐17 years post‐development that shows the natural flow is northwesterly from Mississippi into Tennessee and transboundary groundwater quantities have actually decreased since pre‐development conditions.     

美国大气挥发性有机物控制历程及对中国的启示

鉴于大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)对中国区域大气复合污染的重要影响,基于大量文献调研,从政策、法律法规、标准和管理手段等方面系统梳理了美国VOCs的控制历程,并从VOCs总量削减和O3浓度变化等角度评估了控制效果.研究表明:美国的VOCs控制体系是卓有成效的,1970年-2010年间共削减VOCs 1 551.4万吨,降幅为50.6％;而且,通过控制VOCs的排放实现了对臭氧(O3)污染协同控制的初衰.该研究结果对中国VOCs控制具有重要借鉴意义.     

云南NGO环境保护公众参与可行性浅析

通过对云南省部分环境非政府组织(以下简称NGO)开展的"环境影响评价中的公众参与"问卷调查及十二个NGO的座谈,了解近年来一些云南NGO对我省环保关注和参与情况,以及参与过程中存在的障碍与不足,探索NGO如何可持续发展地参与环保,并探析新修订的环境保护法背景下我省NGO参与环保的有效途径。     

ADAPTING THE LAW OF WATER MANAGEMENT TO GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND OTHER HYDROPOLITICAL STRESSES1

ABSTRACT: Existing legal regimes for the management of water resources are already stressed by changing technologies and growing populations. There is little reason for doubt that today the planet is undergoing significant and even alarming climate change. In the past such global climatic changes had dramatic effects on water resource availability with disastrous consequences for many human communities. Today's climate changes can be managed without such disastrous consequences for present day communities only if there are major reforms to existing water law regimes at the local, national, and international levels. In particular, at the local and national levels, water resources must be treated as public property rather than as common or private property. At the international level, water must be managed at the drainage basin level rather than according to national boundaries that largely ignore rational water management criteria. At all levels, care must be given to decentralizing decision making and to use economic incentives insofar as possible, without, however, mistaking economic incentives for markets. The public nature of water resources precludes true markets as a significant management tool.     

THE (POLITICAL) SCIENCE OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT IN THE ECOSYSTEM AGE1

ABSTRACT: Ecosystem management has become an important unifying theme for environmental policy in the past decade. Whereas the science of ecosystem dynamics suggests that it will remain difficult to define ecosystem borders and all of the natural and anthropogenic effects that influence them, the politics of ecosystem management require that a national ecosystem delineation standard be adopted. Moreover, a political framework for ecosystem management decision making must be designed in such a way as to complement the hierarchical, interrelated nature of ecosystems generally. This paper advocates that a watershed-based ecosystem delineation standard is the most politically suitable because it will be easily understood by the public and watersheds have a long history as a medium of environmental policy. The paper then proposes that the political framework for watershed-based ecosystem management must depend heavily on state and local autonomy, subject to federally prescribed standards and goals. The Coastal Zone Management Act provides a model for how a national ecosystem management policy can work within state and local watershed cultures and economies.     

将海洋环境侵权纳入海上侵权行为法调整的必要性

在分析我国现有的海洋环境侵权法律存在问题的前提下,从保护受害人的合法权益和促进海洋经济的持续、协调、健康发展的角度,指出了将海洋环境侵权纳入海上侵权行为法调整的必要性。     

市域快线高架段运行噪声特性测试与分析

通过实测成都轨道交通18号线高架段运行噪声,分析了其噪声源强及水平传播特性.根据《环境影响评价技术导则城市轨道交通》(HJ 453—2018)中的预测模式对各受声点A声级进行预测,将预测结果与实测结果进行对比分析,结果表明预测效果较好,可用于新建市域快线高架段噪声预测.     

第二松花江水体中氮含量的动态变化分析

详细地分析了第二松花江水体中硝态氮,亚硝态氮和氨氮在不同江段,不同水期,不同年际的时空变化规律。结果表明,氮在水中的含量变化与入江城市污水及沿江两岸地表径流水中的氮有直接关系,硝态氮和亚硝态氮在丰水期水中的含量高于枯、平水期、丰水期水中的硝态氮随江段的延长而增高,氮氮在污染江段的含量高于非污染江段。３个水期水中硝态氮和亚硝态氮的含量年际变化显示为１９８５￣１９８９年略高于１９８０￣１９８４年和１９     

采空区渗透率对瓦斯运移影响的模拟研究

根据计算流体力学基本理论,利用Fluent软件,对采空区渗透率为均匀分布、分段均匀分布、连续分布、"O"型连续分布4种不同分布情况下采空区瓦斯运移规律进行数值模拟。当渗透率均匀分布时采空区漏风较少,高浓度瓦斯分布靠近工作面;当渗透率分段均匀分布时,在采空区中有2条跳跃的瓦斯沟壑;当渗透率连续分布时,采空区漏风较多,高浓度瓦斯分布靠近采空区深部;当渗透率"O"型连续分布时,采空区漏风最多。结果表明,当渗透率不同分布情况下采空区漏风和瓦斯分布有很大差别。因此,为了得到更符合现场实际情况的瓦斯运移规律,在模拟采空区瓦斯运移规律时需要描述更能如实反映采空区煤岩冒落规律的渗透率分布。