Effects of acid deposition on forests in south China

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＷｉｔｈｔｈｅｆａｓｔｇｒｏｗｉｎｇｏｆｍｏｄｅｒｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙａｎｄｓｈａｒｐｌｙｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｏｆｅｎｅｒｇｙｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｐｒｉｍａｒｉｌｙｃｏａｌ，ａｉｒｐｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｃｉｄｄｅｐｏｓｉｔ...     

从自燃煤矸石中提取聚合铝铁(PAFC)的试验研究

采用盐酸酸浸的方法从自燃煤矸石中提取聚合铝铁，对煤矸石的粉碎粒径、酸浸盐酸的浓度及用量、酸浸的温度等工艺条件进行了试验研究。结果表明，从100g自燃煤矸石中，可提取19．85g固体聚合铝铁，成品的Al2O3含量33％、Fe2O3含量16％、盐基度70％。     

Fulvic acid removal by nanoparticle TiO2 using a submerged membrane photocatalysis reactor

The degradation of fulvic acid（FA） by nanoparticle TiO2 in a submerged membrane photocatalysis（SMPC） reactor was studied. In this reactor, photocatalytic oxidation and membrane separation co-occured. The continuous air supplier provided O2 for the photocatalytical reaction and mixed the solution through an airflow controller. The particle TiO2 could automatically settle due to gravity without particle agglomeration so it could be easily separated by microfiltration（MF） membrane. It was efficient to maintain high flux of membranes. The effects of operational parameters on the photocatalytic oxidation rate of FA were investigated. Results indicated that photocatalyst at 0.5 g/L and airflow at 0.06 m^3/h were the optimum condition for the removal of fulvic acid, the removal efficiency was higher in acid media than that in alkaline media. The effects of different filtration duration on permeate flux rate of MF with P25 powder and with nanoparticle TiO2 were compared. Experimental results indicated that the permeate flux rate of MF was improved and the membrane fouling phenomenon was reduced with the addition of nanoparticle TiO2 catalyst compared with conventional P25 powder. Therefore, this submerged membrane photocatalysis reactor can faciliate potential application of photocatalytic oxidation process in drinking water treatment.     

海水中氰化物测定方法探讨

对应用异烟酸 吡唑啉酮分光光度法测定海水中氰化物的方法进行了补充和改进,提高了海水氰化物测定方法的精密度和准确度。     

确定不同保证率下的中国酸沉降临界负荷

在进行中国酸沉降临界负荷区划时 ,通常以 1°× 1°(经纬度 )的网格为单位进行计算 ,难以反映网格内不同生态系统对酸沉降敏感性的差异 .为了便于决策者根据临界负荷确定酸沉降控制对策 ,也为了使 1°× 1°的结果更具代表性和实用性 ,本研究确定了 0 1°× 0 1°网格为单位计算的中国酸沉降临界负荷 ,并在此基础上通过引入保证率的概念 ,得到了一系列与一定的经济技术水平相适应的、允许有一定损失的 1°× 1°的中国酸沉降临界负荷图 .利用累积分布函数 ,本研究还确定了不同保证率下的中国酸沉降超临界负荷分布和各省、市、自治区的酸沉降临界负荷 .     

第二松花江中下游水体邻苯二甲酸酯分布特征

通过采集和分析第二松花江中下游水和底泥样品,探讨了该河段水体中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)含量及其分布特征。结果表明第二松花江中下游水体中PAEs以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸双(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)两种为主。水中PAEs总量较高,DBP和DEHP含量均已超过我国地表水标准限值。底泥中PAEs总量与国内外一些河流底泥中的含量相近,但DBP和DEHP含量均已超过了美国华盛顿州的警戒标准。底泥中PAEs含量沿程分布总体上均呈现先增加后减少的特征;水体中PAEs含量及其分布特征主要受流域内工农业活动的影响。     

复合混凝剂处理印染废水

为了处理高浓度、高色度、高COD的印染废水，利用硫酸亚铁、工业废酸和金属下脚料自行配制了复合混凝剂，并将其与聚合双酸铝铁、聚合氯化铝铁、硫酸亚铁对印染废水的混凝效果进行对比。研究表明，复合混凝剂处理印染废水具有成本低、效果好的特点。当硫酸亚铁的投加量为200mg/L，复合混凝剂的投加量为1280mg／L，PAM的用量为2mg／L时，脱色率达94．9％，COD去除率达78．1％，悬浮固体（SS）去除率达90．9％。     

海绵铁预处理DSD酸废水的研究

用铁泥废渣制备水处理材料海绵铁,研究含碳球团直接还原的金属化率与还原时间,温度和铁泥粒度之间的关系,得到含碳球团制备海绵铁的反应参数。并对海绵铁预处理DSD酸废水的各种影响因素进行了试验研究,确定最佳试验条件;通过试验对海绵铁处理DSD酸废水的机理进行了探讨,确定它是电化学作用、电场作用、絮凝沉淀以及物理吸附等共同作用的结果。试验表明,海绵铁可作为高浓度DSD废水的预处理材料。     

Adsorption selectivity of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid onto hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents

Both bottle-point and column-feeding experiments involving different solutes and sorbents were carried out to investigate the adsorption selectivity and separation performance of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid. Their adsorption isotherms onto such hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents as NDA-100 and NDA-99 could be well described by the Freundlich equations whose characteristics describe extrathermic and favorable adsorption processes. The adsorption towards NDA-100 mainly depended on the π-π interaction, while that towards NDA-99 was extremely influenced by the static-electric interaction. Additionally, the adsorptive capacity of salicylic acid on NDA-99 decreased while it increased on NDA-100 with the presence of 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the adsorptive environment as the competitive component. Comparatively, the adsorption capacity of 5-sulfosalicylic acid decreased on both resins with salicylic acid as the competitive component. In fact, the difference in the interaction between adsorbent and adsorbate resulted in the straight antagonism on the effective adsorption sites on the adsorbent. In conclusion, the adsorption selectivity of salicylic acid onto NDA-100 was obviously larger than that onto NDA-99 with the existence of 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the adsorptive environment. A satisfactory separation and recovery of tested solutes in aqueous phase could be foreseeably achieved by the sequencing adsorption technique involving NDA-100 as well as NDA-99. Translated from Environmental Pollution & Control, 2005, 27(8): 570–574 [译自: 环境污染与防治]     

水－油－表面活性剂体系中油含量测量方法的改进

应用原地灌注表面活性剂溶液法去除地下水系统中包气带石油类污染，建立了测定水－油－表面活性剂体系中油含量的方法，第一次提出采用单宁酸沉淀脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚以去除其对油含量测定的干扰，并成功地应用于清除地下水石油污染的表面活性剂优选实验当中。