美国Surfer 8.0软件在地下水环境质量评价中的应用

通过Surfer 8.0软件在某地地下水环境评价中的应用实例,重点阐述了其在浅层地下水污染物浓度空间分布图绘制、地下水质量分区图绘制、地下水污染分区图绘制、区域地下水污染趋势分析、地下水污染原因分析等方面的应用。     

环境监测人员持证上岗理论考试命题软件设计和开发研究

密切结合环境监测人员持证上岗考核工作需要,以《环境监测人员持证上岗考核试题集》为基础题库,设计并开发了环境监测人员持证上岗理论考试命题软件,实现了申报、组卷、证书的一体化系统管理,有效地解决了由于考核对象广泛、岗位设置多样、考核项目和监测方法繁多等带来的命题工作量大、内容不易均衡等难题,克服了命题过程中的个人主观因素影...     

矩形和钟形震源时间函数对地震动模拟结果的影响比较

首先介绍了用于地震动数值模拟的国际通用软件COMPSYN程序,并对此进行了二次开发,将其震源时间函数由矩形函数改为钟形函数,通过与全空间的解析解计算结果的对比,验证了修改后程序的正确性.通过对比2种震源时间函数的频谱特点,指出矩形函数的高频成分丰富,不利于地震动的模拟.2种震源时间函数下用COMPSYN程序对同一观测点...     

Development and Application of Software Tools for Monitoring, Assessment and Reporting of Data Concerning the Operation of Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants in Cyprus

This work focuses on the development and application of appropriate software tools for recording, assessing and reporting data related to the operation of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants (UWTPs) in Cyprus. An appropriate Internet-Based Management System was designed, developed and installed at the premises of the UWTPs and of the Cypriot Competent Authority (Water Development Department — WDD) in order to coordinate and disseminate tasks and related information for monitoring the operation of UWTPs. In addition, a client Geographical Information System database was compiled to be used for obtaining and analyzing spatial information. The software tools are based on common procedures and state-of-the-art technology for the recording and transmission of data and information and they provide an integrated view related to the operation and the efficiency of wastewater treatment systems. Moreover, continuous control and systematic monitoring of the UWTPs by the operators as well as continuous and direct supervision of the UWTPs environmental performance is achieved by the personnel of the Competent Authority. Furthermore, direct and unobstructed provision of data to the Competent Authority of Cyprus is accomplished by the operators of the UWTPs, while the Competent Authority is supported to compose full and representative reports to the European Commission and other International Organizations. The developed tools enable the direct recording of data obtained through measurements and analyses, permit the comparison of data with existing legislation and provide an integrated picture of the operation of the wastewater treatment plants as well as the option to focus and assess each individual treatment stage.     

Surfer软件和AutoCAD在污染场地调查及风险评估中的应用

在场地调查和风险评估报告中需要描述污染物分布和确定土壤修复区域和范围，目前对此无统一的技术要求，不同案例使用的技术方法不同。今提出将 Surfer软件和 AutoCAD结合使用生成等值线图件，以及据此确定污染土壤修复范围的方法，并基于某搬迁化工厂初步土壤调查及风险评估的案例介绍了操作步骤。旨在介绍2个专业软件联用的新功能的开发和使用技巧，为编制场地调查和风险评估报告提供一种便捷、易操作的工作方法。     

火力发电厂水量平衡管理软件的设计

针对火力发电厂水务管理的现状，从科学管理的角度提出了火力发电厂的水量平衡软件。电厂水系统数据通过运算中心处理，可短时间内得出计算结果，生成动态水平衡图，实现了火电厂水系统程序化、系统化管理，为火电厂节水、减排提供了可靠的保证。     

Exposing ecological and economic costs of the research‐implementation gap and compromises in decision making

The frequently discussed gap between conservation science and practice is manifest in the gap between spatial conservation prioritization plans and their implementation. We analyzed the research‐implementation gap of one zoning case by comparing results of a spatial prioritization analysis aimed at avoiding ecological impact of peat mining in a regional zoning process with the final zoning plan. We examined the relatively complex planning process to determine the gaps among research, zoning, and decision making. We quantified the ecological costs of the differing trade‐offs between ecological and socioeconomic factors included in the different zoning suggestions by comparing the landscape‐level loss of ecological features (species occurrences, habitat area, etc.) between the different solutions for spatial allocation of peat mining. We also discussed with the scientists and planners the reasons for differing zoning suggestions. The implemented plan differed from the scientists suggestion in that its focus was individual ecological features rather than all the ecological features for which there were data; planners and decision makers considered effects of peat mining on areas not included in the prioritization analysis; zoning was not truly seen as a resource‐allocation process and not emphasized in general minimizing ecological losses while satisfying economic needs (peat‐mining potential); and decision makers based their prioritization of sites on site‐level information showing high ecological value and on single legislative factors instead of finding a cost‐effective landscape‐level solution. We believe that if the zoning and decision‐making processes are very complex, then the usefulness of science‐based prioritization tools is likely to be reduced. Nevertheless, we found that high‐end tools were useful in clearly exposing trade‐offs between conservation and resource utilization.     

高含硫气田集气站设备定量风险评价

为预防高含硫天然气泄漏事故和制定设备检测策略,对集气站设备进行定量风险评价。利用DNV Leak数据库得到集气站关键设备的同类失效频率,利用API 581标准对同类失效频率修正得到失效频率。用PHAST软件计算4种典型泄漏孔尺寸的燃烧爆炸和毒性的影响区域范围,确定设备的燃烧爆炸风险和毒性风险。结果表明,利用该方法能够确定设备风险大小顺序。     

基于灰色马尔科夫模型的钻孔瓦斯流量预测

钻孔瓦斯流量是影响矿井瓦斯抽放效果的一个重要因素,为准确预测钻孔瓦斯流量,优化矿井瓦斯抽放工艺,将灰色系统理论与马尔科夫链预测相结合,充分利用两者的优点,通过对瓦斯流量原始数据处理,瓦斯流量状态划分,构建马尔科夫转移概率矩阵及Matlab分析软件进行计算的方法,建立灰色马尔科夫预测模型。结合现场工程实例,将该预测模型和GM(1,1)预测模型进行比较分析,结果表明,利用灰色马尔科夫模型预测钻孔瓦斯流量,能够消除GM(1,1)模型本身固有偏差,预测值平均相对误差为2.16%,最大相对误差仅为5.40%,均优于GM(1,1)模型。     

基于Isograph的地铁车载ATP系统动态故障树分析

针对传统的可靠性分析方法在具有动态特性的地铁车载ATP系统可靠性分析中的不足,提出动态故障树分析法。在引用可用度、平均失效时间和平均修复时间等可靠性指标的基础上,结合Isograph软件改进动态故障树分析法,建立基于Isograph的动态故障树分析模型,并通过对车载ATP系统的结构与功能分析以及历史故障数据的统计分析确定车载ATP系统的关键部件,使用 Isograph软件预计关键部件的可靠性参数,对地铁车载ATP系统的可靠性进行评估。结果表明:采用该方法求解的系统可靠性指标均满足系统需求,并且精确度较高,运用此方法能够对具有顺序相关、资源共享、可修复以及冷、热备份等特性的系统进行可靠性建模,达到快速以及准确分析动态特性系统可靠性的目的。