煤电市场对火电行业SO2排污交易市场的影响分析

以电力行业二氧化硫排污交易为例,探讨了外部市场(煤炭价格、电力价格)的变化对企业在排污交易市场中的决策影响,以及整个排污交易市场的表现.基于一般均衡框架的分析结果表明,煤炭和电力的价格会显著影响排污交易市场的价格和绩效;在我国目前煤电价格体系下,煤炭价格的持续上升,将会大大降低配额的价格和市场活跃程度.     

奥运前后北京及其周边大气六氟化硫浓度的变化

2008年6~9月,对北京、兴隆、廊坊、沧州、石家庄、涿州、保定和禹城等8个站点进行每日2次的空气样品采集,利用气相色谱法对样品中的SF6浓度进行分析,以期对华北地区大气SF6的浓度范围、空间分布及其变化规律进行初步探索.结果表明,北京及其周边大气SF6浓度分布存在空间差异,8个站点在采样期间的平均浓度分别为:(10.7±5.1)′10-12、(6.7±0.6)′10-12、(7.2±1.6)′10-12、(8.0±1.7)′10-12、(9.6±5.5)′10-12、(7.6±2.1)′10-12、(8.3±3.5)′10-12和(8.5±2.0)′10-12(V/V),区域平均浓度为8.3′10-12(V/V).华北地区SF6的浓度大小和变化幅度主要受人为排放源的影响,呈现出脉冲式排放.兴隆站可作为华北区域的本底站点,观测期间其SF6的浓度呈线性增加,增长速度远大于全球本底增长速度.奥运前后的各种减排措施对北京SF6的排放有一定影响.     

两控区二氧化硫排放控制"十五"计划的可行性

位于两控区内的福建省龙岩市在实施二氧化硫排放控制"十五"计划中,虽然二氧化硫排放量有所控制,但削减14％的指标任务相当艰巨。本文从两三年来的实践,分析了当前的形势任务,提出了今后两年的保障措施,论述了"十五"计划的可行性。     

Determination of Nitrogen and Sulfur in Plants and Soils Sampled from the Area Near a Fertilizer Plant

The purpose of this study was to investigate NO_x and SO₂-inducednitrogen and sulfur levels accumulated over vegetation and soil in the surrounds of the fertilizer plant in Kütahya, Turkey. Therefore, leaf samples collected from the seven locations adjacent to the plant were morphologically observed (pollution-related injuries and color deformation) and chemically analyzed. Besides, nitrogen and sulfur contents were determined in the soil samples collected from each location. A significant correlation was achieved between locations and different vegetation samples and soil samples. The highest nitrogen level present in the trees was 3.07 ± 0.105% (3rd location, Robinia pseudoacacia), with the highest sulfur level being 5.79 ± 0.085% (3rd location, Salix alba). The highest nitrogen and sulfur levels in soils were 0.31 ± 0.045 and 0.57 ± 0.052% (3rd location), respectively. Furthermore, the highest nitrogen and sulfur levels were 4.69 and 2.20%, respectively,in agricultural plants in the surrounds of the fertilizer plant. A higher level of pollutants was observed in the samples collectedfrom the locations in the direction of the prevailing wind. Also, differences between locations as well as between plant specimens were statistically evaluated.     

烧结烟气脱硫技术现状

结合钢铁行业烧结烟气的特点,评述了目前几种烧结烟气脱硫技术,指出钢铁企业烧结烟气脱硫不能简单套用燃煤电厂烟气脱硫技术,而要结合烧结烟气的特点和钢铁企业的实际情况,按照循环经济的模式,实现资源回收.     

珠江三角洲地区硫和氮沉降临界负荷研究

通过实地采集土壤样品和测量其矿物组成,收集植被和大气沉降等数据,应用稳态质量平衡(SMB)法和ArcGIS,计算得到了珠江三角洲地区硫沉降和氮沉降临界负荷及其超临界负荷.结果表明,珠江三角洲地区当前硫沉降临界负荷呈现东高西低的态势,高值区分布于惠州大部、广州中北部、东莞和中山南部地区,其临界负荷值大于15.0 keq·(hm2·a)-1;低值区包括江门大部、肇庆大部和深圳部分地区,其临界负荷值小于2.0 keq·(hm2·a)-1.氮沉降临界负荷在1.0~2.5 keq·(hm2·a)-1范围,小于1.0 keq·(hm2·a)-1出现在肇庆等地区.当前硫沉降超过临界负荷的区域较少,但大部分区域氮沉降超过了其临界负荷;未来随着大气颗粒物浓度的降低硫沉降临界负荷将下降,将出现大片硫超临界负荷区.因此,当前珠江三角洲地区应加大氮沉降控制的力度,未来在控制大气颗粒物的同时应特别注重硫沉降的协调控制.     

Sulfur evolution in chemical looping combustion of coal with MnFe2O4 oxygen carrier

Chemical looping combustion （CLC） of coal has gained increasing attention as a novel combustion technology for its advantages in CO2 capture. Sulfur evolution from coal causes great harm from either the CLC operational or environmental perspective. In this research, a combined MnFe2O4 oxygen carrier （OC） was synthesized and its reaction with a typical Chinese high sulfur coal, Liuzhi （LZ） bituminous coal, was performed in a thermogravimetric analyzer （TGA）-Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectrometer. Evolution of sulfur species during reaction of LZ coal with MnFeaO40C was systematically investigated through experimental means combined with thermodynamic simulation. TGA-FTIR analysis of the LZ reaction with MnFe2O4 indicated MnFe2O4 exhibited the desired superior reactivity compared to the single reference oxides Mn304 or Fe203, and SO2 produced was mainly related to oxidization of H2S by MnFe2O4. Experimental analysis of the LZ coal reaction with MnFe2O4, including X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, verified that the main reduced counterparts of MnFe2O4 were Fe304 and MnO, in good agreement with the related thermodynamic simulation. The obtained MnO was beneficial to stabilize the reduced MnFe2O4 and avoid serious sintering, although the oxygen in MnO was not fully utilized. Meanwhile, most sulfur present in LZ coal was converted to solid MnS during LZ reaction with MnFe2O4, which was further oxidized to MnSO4. Finally, the formation of both MnS and such manganese silicates as Mn2SiO4 and MnSiO3 should be addressed to ensure the full regeneration of the reduced MnFe2O4.     

Effectiveness of national air pollution control policies on the air quality in metropolitan areas of China

Understanding the effectiveness of national air pollution controls is important for control policy design to improve the future air quality in China. This study evaluated the effectiveness of major national control policies implemented recently in China through a modeling analysis. The sulfur dioxide （SO2） control policy during the llth Five Year Plan period （2006-2010） had succeeded in reducing the national SO2 emission in 2010 by 14% from its 2005 level, which correspondingly reduced ambient SO2 and sulfate （SO42-） concentrations by 13%-15% and 8%-10% respectively over east China. The nitrogen oxides （NOx） control policy during the 12th Five Year Plan period （2011-2015） targets the reduction of the national NOx emission in 2015 by 10% on the basis of 2010. The simulation results suggest that such a reduction in NOx emission will reduce the ambient nitrogen dioxide （NO2）, nitrate （NO3-）, 1-hr maxima ozone （03） concentrations and total nitrogen deposition by 8%, 3%-14%, 2% and 2%--4%, respectively over east China. The application of new emission standards for power plants will further reduce the NO2, NO3-, 1-hr maxima 03 concentrations and total nitrogen deposition by 2%-4%, 1%-%, 0-2% and 1%-2%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the inter-provincial impacts of emission reduction in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the Yangtze River Delta, which indicated the need to implement joint regional air pollution control.     

水稻根际与非根际土壤硫素赋存形态转化及其迁移规律

在未污染及重金属污染水稻土上施用不同硫肥处理,通过池栽试验研究硫在水稻根际与非根际土壤中迁移规律及其赋存形态的影响.结果表明,在水稻生育期内,根际与非根际土壤溶液Eh、pH和pe+pH范围分别在93~283 mV和83~254 mV之间、7.5~8.4和7.7~8.4之间、9.1~13.2和9.1~12.5之间.根际土Eh总体上高于非根际土,根际土pH总体上低于非根际土.在根际土壤中,水溶性硫(占总无机硫的41%~81%,下同)吸附性硫(9%~34%)盐酸可溶性硫(8%~24%)盐酸挥发性硫(2%~8%).在分蘖期和抽穗扬花期,水溶性硫和吸附性硫的质量分数,施用石膏处理的显著性高于单质硫处理的;对未污染水稻土,其质量分数显著性高于污染水稻土的.在非根际土壤,水溶性硫(40%~69%)盐酸可溶性硫(18%~41%)盐酸挥发性硫(6%~16%)吸附性硫(0.7%~7.5%).根际土与非根际土壤的无机硫质量分数分别为223~738mg·kg~(-1)和68~128 mg·kg~(-1),土壤有机硫质量分数分别为574~1 647 mg·kg~(-1)和108~391 mg·kg~(-1),总硫的质量分数分别为825~2 287 mg·kg~(-1)和200~477 mg·kg~(-1).水稻根际土中,无机硫和有机硫分别占总硫20%~40%和60%~80%;非根际土为18%~46%和54%~82%.水稻根际土在总硫、有机硫、水溶性硫、吸附性硫和盐酸可溶性硫的质量分数分别是非根际土壤的3~11倍、3~5倍、5~7倍,12~20倍、2~3倍,而盐酸挥发性硫的质量分数低于非根际土.     

硫自养填充床反应器降解水中高浓度高氯酸盐的特性及菌群分析

采用硫自养填充床反应器处理模拟高浓度高氯酸盐(Cl O-4)污染水,考察不同进水Cl O-4浓度及水力停留时间(HRT)下的Cl O-4降解特性.结果表明,HRT为12 h时,进水Cl O-4浓度由50 mg·L~(-1)增加到194 mg·L~(-1)时,Cl O-4能被完全降解;进水Cl O-4浓度为194 mg·L~(-1)时,HRT由12 h减少至4 h时,Cl O-4去除率仅为74%;SO_2-4的产量随着进水Cl O-4浓度与HRT的增加而增加;进水pH和碱度(以Ca CO_3计)分别为8.0和500 mg·L~(-1),出水pH和碱度(以Ca CO_3计)分别为6.7和100mg·L~(-1);反应器底部氧化还原电位(ORP)稳定在-380~-330 m V,反应器上部氧化还原电位(ORP)稳定在-300~-250m V.分子生物学分析表明,反应器内的菌群结构随高度的变化而变化,硫氧化菌Sulfurovum随反应器高度的增加而减少,由底部57.78%减少到上部的32.19%,同时硫化氢氧化菌Hydrogenophilaceae随反应器高度的增加而增加,由底部4.35%增加到上部的22.24%.