微塑料对黑麦草吸收和累积水体中环丙沙星的影响

微塑料（microplastics,MPs）和抗生素作为新型环境污染物,引起了国内外学者对其生态风险的关注.以黑麦草（Lolium perenne L.）为供试植物,以聚苯乙烯微塑料和环丙沙星（ciprofloxacin,CIP）为研究对象,探讨微塑料对水培黑麦草吸收和富集抗生素的影响及MPs-CIP复合污染对植物生长的毒性作用.结果表明:黑麦草对单一CIP和MPs-CIP复合污染中的CIP均有吸收去除能力,底物中微塑料的存在会促进黑麦草对低浓度CIP的吸收去除,去除率最高可达100%,但对高浓度（1.0、2.0 mg/L）CIP吸收的影响不显著（P>0.05）.同时,微塑料可促进黑麦草根部积累的CIP向地上部转运,当CIP浓度分别为0.1、2.0 mg/L时,投加微塑料后根部积累的CIP含量与单一CIP处理组相比分别降低了44.0%、21.2%,叶片中CIP的积累量分别增加了2.9、3.0倍.微塑料的加入显著加重了CIP对黑麦草生长和叶绿素含量的抑制作用.与2.0 mg/L CIP处理组相比,50.0 mg/L MPs-2.0 mg/L CIP复合污染处理组对黑麦草根长和鲜质量的抑制率分别增加了53.7%和79.6%,而叶绿素a、b含量则分别降低了38.5%和44.4%.研究显示,水体中微塑料与CIP的共存会影响黑麦草吸收和体内积累CIP,并加重CIP对植物生长的毒性作用.      

低温等离子体协同催化降解废气污染物的研究进展

阐述了低温等离子体协同催化工艺流程与反应机理,探讨了反应温度、废气进口组分、废气中水蒸气含量、气体流速、气溶胶等因素对降解效果的影响。分析认为:一段式低温等离子体协同催化可改变低温等离子体特征及催化剂催化特性,但尚未解决尾气臭氧逃逸、副产物产生及放电稳定性等问题;两段式低温等离子体协同催化可提高污染物分子降解效率并减少尾气臭氧逃逸,但未能有效利用等离子体的能量,气体中的水蒸气、粉尘及反应过程中产生的气溶胶均能影响后置催化剂的催化性能;两段式低温等离子体协同催化已具备工程应用条件,还需配套高效预处理单元以降低废气中水蒸气、粉尘等对催化剂的影响。     

油气集输管道内防腐技术应用进展

针对油气田集输管道的内腐蚀问题,分别介绍了耐蚀材料、衬里技术、涂镀层技术与药剂防腐技术等管道内防腐技术及其现场应用效果,指出了耐蚀金属材料防腐效果显著,但存在经济效益差的缺点。为降低成本,选用双金属复合管替代耐蚀金属材料,但其焊缝位置腐蚀失效频发,成为制约其应用的薄弱环节。耐蚀非金属材料防腐效果显著,但耐高温性能与力学性能较差,受温度、压力与CO_2、H_2S、固体颗粒等介质成分的影响,衬里技术与涂镀层技术的应用范围受到限制。药剂防腐技术的防护效果与药剂类型、加药工艺密切相关,需要根据腐蚀工况监测结果进行实时调整。针对上述内防腐技术存在的问题,提出了未来内防腐技术的发展方向为改进现有内防腐技术存在的不足,提升其防护效果。同时,应开发防腐效果显著、经济成本低、施工简便、易于推广应用的防腐材料与防腐工艺技术。     

Analysis of pollutant levels in central Hong Kong applying neural network method with particle swarm optimization

Air pollution has emerged as an imminent issue in modernsociety. Prediction of pollutant levels is an importantresearch topic in atmospheric environment today. For fulfillingsuch prediction, the use of neural network (NN), and inparticular the multi-layer perceptrons, has presented to be acost-effective technique superior to traditional statisticalmethods. But their training, usually with back-propagation (BP)algorithm or other gradient algorithms, is often with certaindrawbacks, such as: 1) very slow convergence, and 2) easilygetting stuck in a local minimum. In this paper, a newlydeveloped method, particle swarm optimization (PSO) model, isadopted to train perceptrons, to predict pollutant levels, andas a result, a PSO-based neural network approach is presented. The approach is demonstrated to be feasible and effective bypredicting some real air-quality problems.     

日照市大气质量指数分区预报

利用1999年1月至2002年7月日照市环境监测站监测的污染物浓度资料和探空及本站地面气象资料,分析了日照地区可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))、二氧化硫(SO_2)、氮氧化物(NO_x)浓度变化的时空分布特征及气象要素的变化对污染物浓度时空分布特征的影响。在此基础上,建立了可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))、二氧化硫(SO_2)、氮氧化物(NO_x)浓度指数预报方程及大气质量指数分区预报流程。并用VB6.0语言编程在微机上建立了简洁流畅、操作简便的大气质量指数分区预报系统。实际预报结果较好。     

高灵敏XRF测定废水中痕量砷

本文提出了在硫酸介质中，以锌粒还原产生氢化物，溴化铜溶液吸收，微孔滤膜过滤制成薄样，Ｘ射线荧光测定水中痕量砷的分析方法。     

水中氮类污染物的联系与区别

叙述了水体中含氮类污染物的来源，种类，相互转化方式和条件，表征意义等，以便对水中氮类污染物有一个全面，系统的认识。     

毛细柱气相色谱法测定废水中的三氯乙醛

讨论了用毛细柱气相色谱法测定废水中三氯乙醛的方法。该方法用(2+1)石油醚-乙醚萃取废水中的三氯乙醛,方法的相对标准偏差4.9％,回收率91.2％～101.1％,最低检出限4×10~(-2)ng。     

Determination of organophosphorus pesticides and related compounds in water samples by membrane extraction and gas chromatography

A membrane extraction-gas chromatography method was developed fordetermination of organophosphorus pesticides and related compounds including methamidophos, DDVP, dimethoate, methyl parathion, parathion, thiophosphoric acid trimethyl ester, and thiophosphoramidic acid dimethyl ester in water samples. In thismethod, surface-modified acetic cellulose membranes were used to extract the target analytes in water samples, the extracted analytes were back-extracted into a small amount of methanol, andgas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD) was used to determine the concentrations of targetanalytes in the extracts. The recoveries obtained for thetarget analytes spiked into the water samples ranged from 66to 94%. The method detection limit for each target analyte was 0.05 g L^-1. The method developed in this study had shown the advantages of being cheap, simple, fast, and reliable. It had been used successfully to determine the concentrations of target analytes in river water samples.     

Induction of cytochrome P4501A and endocrine disrupting effects of school incinerator residues

The emission of the dioxin-like compounds from on-site waste incinerators of seven schools in Kyonggi Province of Korea was evaluated by determination of the cytochrome P4501A(CYP1A) catalytic activity and antiestrogenic activity using cell culturemicrobioassay. The residue samples were extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus using toluene for 20 hr. The concentrated crude extractswere fractionated with a basic alumina column. Dioxin-like compounds were then extracted. Induction of CYP1A activity in a rat(H4IIE) hepatoma cell line was used as indicator of biologicaleffect of incinerator residues and measured as 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase(EROD) activities. The EROD activities of fraction II extracts (one of the two extracts) in the H4IIE cells were from 0.044±0.002 to 4.424±0.351 ng-TEQ g^-1 (TCDD Toxicity equivalent), showing relatively high inducing capacity. Antisetrogenicity of the extracts was measured as decrease in E₂-induced cell proliferation. Most of the extracts showed antiestrogenic activity in MCF7-BUS cell.The TEQ levels of the incinerator residues and the antiestrogenicactivities were in good correlation, strongly suggesting that thepotent toxic emissions were indeed produced from the on-site school waste semi-incinerators and could cause the antiestrogenicity.