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531.
532.
John E. Skinner 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1971,7(2):355-367
It is presumed that the present environmental thrust is not a wholly transitory fad; that there will be a residual impact on American society which will demand greater consideration in the future of ecological and environmental values by resource developers and public works agencies. An example is cited to show the validity of the environmental thrust and the severe consequences of ignoring it under the present emphasis on this aspect of resource development. An attempt is made to understand some of the reasons for the dramatic change in public attitude toward the environment and opposition to projects of apparent benefit to society. It is suggested that basic changes in philosophy and concept will be necessary in the field of resource development. Some broad ecological and developmental guidelines are provided in the interest of implementing environmental considerations. Finally, those involved in resource development and public works are challenged to accept the concept of eco-engineering; a concept combining the competing elements of resource development and conservation. 相似文献
533.
本文在对影响淮北地区小麦高产的生态限制因素进行系统分析的基础上,提出了科学治水、施肥,合理灌溉,培肥地力,优化小麦群体动态结构等高产配套措施. 相似文献
534.
区域农业生产脆弱性及干旱诊断分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以山东区域农业生产作为案例,根据主要作物历年产量波动分析,发现趋势产量年际间变化较为平稳,而气象产量年际间变化幅度较大,说明山东农业生产存在着气候脆弱性。通过对比分析光、温生产潜力和光、温、水生产潜力及气象因子对产量的直接、间接通径系数,得出气象产量主要受降水因索的制约,水分是气候资源组合中的薄弱环节,也是山东农业的主要限制因索。历年作物生长期内降水达不到需水要求的概率为20%~35%。各作物不同生育时段的受旱概率相差较大,最低为7%,高的达50%~85%,这些结果为区域农业生产的减灾防灾提供了依据。 相似文献
535.
536.
Ebrahim Amiri‐Tokaldany Stephen E. Darby Paul Tosswell 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(4):897-909
ABSTRACT: When extensive lengths of river become stabilized (e.g., by channel incision), riverbank erosion can result in considerable riparian land loss and the delivery of large volumes of sediment downstream. The ability to predict the stability and failure geometry of eroding riverbanks is therefore an important prerequisite in estimating the rate of bank erosion and sediment yield associated with bank erosion. In this paper, a new stability analysis for layered river banks is introduced. The new analysis differs from many previous analyses in that it takes into consideration the effects of positive pore water pressure in the saturated portion, and negative pore water pressure in the unsaturated portion, of the bank as well as the influence of hydrostatic confining pressure due to the water level in the river. In addition, the failure plane is not constrained to pass through the toe of the bank and the bank profile geometry is not restricted to an idealized special case. The predictive ability of the new bank stability analysis is assessed using data from two field sites. Subsequently, a methodology for applying the bank stability analysis at the scale of the river reach (0.1 to 10 km) is discussed. This method involves the use of empirical models of bed level adjustment to estimate the magnitude of incision at specific locations along the reach, with these estimates used to drive the stability analysis. Application of the new method is demonstrated with an example. 相似文献
537.
Harry I. Nightingale William C. Bianchi 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1980,16(4):702-709
ABSTRACT: The geographical distribution of well water specific electrical conductivity and nitrate levels in a 932 km2 ground water quality study area in the Fresno-Clovis, California, indicated that frequently areas of lower ground water salinity were also areas of relatively greater soil and aquifer permeability. From these observations and certain assumptions we hypothesized that the quality of the well water should be better in areas with permeable soils and geological formations. Correlation and multiple linear regression analysis supported this hypothesis for well water salinity. However, well water nitrate levels were significantly negatively correlated with only the estimated equivalent specific yield of the aquifer system. The multiple R2 values of the most significant multiple linear regression models showed that only a fourth to a third of the variability in well water specific electric conductivity and nitrate levels could be ascribed to the effects of the hydrogeological parameters considered with more than 90 percent confidence. This indicates that three-fourths to two-thirds of the variability in ground water salinity and nitrate levels may be related to land use. Thus, there is considerable room for land use management techniques to improve ground water quality and reduce its variability. 相似文献
538.
J. W. Naney R. D. Williams L. R. Ahuja 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(2):281-288
ABSTRACT: Spatial distribution of soil and water properties and the correlations between them and crop yield were determined for a natural rainfall environment. Hydraulic conductivity, soil texture, water retention, and soil-water flux were variables used to investigate their relationship to crop yield using multiple regression techniques. Variations in crop yields on a watershed with a 3 to 4 percent slope and moderately erosive soils were related to soil-water characteristics and soil properties along slope and with depth. Climatic conditions to sustain crop growth and yield ranged from inadequate soil water in 1983 to adequate soil water in 1984. Crop yield was predicted with models using both available and measured soil-water content. Available water content provided a better model for the prediction of water yield and does not require field measurements of actual soil-water content. Soil water holding capacity was more significant for predicting crop yield in soils with moderate to high silt content than infiltrability of water into the soil. 相似文献
539.
Jean E. Weber Martin M. Fogel Lucien Duckstein 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1976,12(1):1-17
ABSTRACT. Four commonly used models for predicting sediment yield are analyzed and compared using previously published data. Three of these models involve logarithmic transformations. Some of the problems involved in transforming data are discussed in the context of logarithmic transformations. These problems are illustrated using the results of standard regression analyses and economic loss function analyses. For the data analyzed, the linear model is preferable to each of the logarithmic models on the basis of each analysis, and the usual multiple objective nature of the model choice problem is thus modified. The extent to which these results can be generalized is discussed in the context of model choice. 相似文献
540.
压缩空气泡沫系统(CAFS)是一种高效泡沫灭火手段.泡沫的流变学性能是森林火灾扑救中泡沫发挥直接和间接灭火能力的一个决定因素.本文用专门设计的钟摆式屈服应力测定装置测定了泡沫屈服应力,验证了泡沫屈服应力假设.泡沫屈服应力与泡沫气体百分比、析液时间和泡沫平均直径有关,试验得到了屈服应力与其影响因素的关系曲线和数学表达式模型.部分描述了泡沫这种特殊流体的流变学性质,对应用CAFS系统泡沫扑救森林火灾有重要指导意义,可用于预测外力作用下灭火泡沫的流动行为. 相似文献