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排序方式: 共有116条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
利用2012年-2013年常州市大气监测资料、2009年-2013年NECP再分析气象资料和日降水资料,对近两年常州市空气污染特征及其与气象条件的关系进行分析.结果表明2013年常州市污染事件相比2012年具有发生频率高、持续时间长和程度重等特点.造成污染天气异常偏多的气象条件是有效降水日异常减少,反映区域混合型PM2.5污染的地面系统不利扩散特征在2013年表现突出,污染高发期地面均压场范围扩大,对流层整层有异常抑制上升作用.典型PM2.5污染个例分析表明重污染天气尺度形势特征主要体现在高压型和冷空气外部输送型,其次为低压和均压场型. 相似文献
32.
P. S. Datta S. K. Tyagi P. Mookerjee S. K. Bhattacharya Navindu Gupta P. D. Bhatnagar 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1999,56(2):209-219
Agricultural activity in the Pushkar Valley, Rajasthan is constrained due to limited availability of good quality water. In this context, occurrence of nitrate and fluoride in the groundwater was investigated and reported. Integration of stable isotope (delta" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">18O) data with recharge characteristics (based on 3H-tracer studies) helps in clearly characterizing the processes controlling contamination by point and non-point sources. High nitrate and fluoride groundwaters are associated with high delta" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">18O waters. This indicates that significant quantities of evaporated (isotopically enriched) surface run-off water and rain water infiltrate along with nitrate and fluoride salts in the soil. The applicability of this approach under different hydrometeorological conditions is also confirmed. 相似文献
33.
长江三角洲耕地资源态势与保护对策 总被引:20,自引:7,他引:13
长江三角洲是我国东部沿海经济最发达的地区,在全国占有十分重要的经济地位。随着经济的发展,资源与环境发生了严重的问题,特别是近年来耕地资源锐减,而后备耕地资源却短缺,人地人粮矛盾更加尖锐,已成为影响这一地区农业持续发展的重要因素。本文分析了这一地区的经济特点与耕地资源的变化态势,并提出了相应的耕地保护措施。首先,要严格控制非农用地,确保基本农田,其次要采用经济手段,建立保护耕地的经济机制;此外,还要 相似文献
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从港口自身发展及港口城市发展的角度出发,重新定义了港口可持续发展能力的外延和内涵,在遵循建立可持续发展指标体系原则的基础上,形成了衡量港口可持续发展能力的评价体系。一方面该体系中指标信息的可操作性和实用性较强,数据客观真实;另一方面体系中的各类指标能够描述出评价对象的真实状况,且具有横向比较多个评价对象能力的作用。在该评价体系的基础上选取了长江三角洲港口群内的13个港口,采用聚类分析的方法,评价分析了各港口的可持续发展能力。研究结果表明,在该区域内,上海港和宁波-舟山港为第一类,凭借各自的区位条件和经济发展优势,可持续发展能力相对最高;苏州港、连云港港是第二类港口,具有不同的发展优势,可持续发展能力相对较强;其余9个港口中有的虽然在港口建设上具有明显优势,但地区发展相对落后对港口的发展也起到了阻滞作用,总体而言可持续发展能力相对较弱。 相似文献
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Barghigiani C Ristori T Scerbo R Cini C Nottoli R Moschini L Giaconi V 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,66(2):187-205
The Ebro delta (NE Spain) is a 320 km2 wetland area ofinternational importance for conservation. The area is devotedto rice farming and receives large amounts of pesticides.Industrial pollutants are also carried to the delta by the river.The information accumulated during the last 25 year on the effectof such pollution on the biota is reviewed in order to identifythe existing gaps and needs for management. Organochlorinepesticides were legally used until 1977, which has resulted inthe widespread presence of these compounds in the Ebro deltabiota. Lethal, sublethal or other detrimental effects of thesepesticides on wildlife in the area were poorly investigated, butnegative effects on the reproduction of ducks and herons werereported. Nowadays, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are themain responsible of organochlorine pollution in the area:concentrations in biota samples are higher than levels observedin nearby coastal areas, as a result of the significant PCBinputs by the river which, in 1990, were evaluated at 126 kgyr-1. The massive use of herbicides is thought to havecontributed to the elimation of macrophyte vegetation in thelagoons during the eighties, which had strong consequences ondiving ducks and coot populations. Weed control is also relatedto the loss of biodiversity held by rice fields. The massive andinadequate use of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides(involving more than 20 000 t yr-1) has produced somewaterbird mortality events, and may have direct and indirecteffects on other non-target organisms. The accumulation in thesoil of lead pellets used in waterfowl shooting is estimated tokill some 16 300 waterbirds in the Ebro delta every year. 相似文献
38.
基于景观格局的辽河三角洲湿地生态安全分析 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
以1990年和2005年遥感影像为基本信息源,在GIS技术支持下,在对辽河三角洲湿地景观格局分析的基础上,采用破碎度、分离度、优势度等景观格局指数和景观类型脆弱度为评价指标研究辽河三角洲湿地景观生态安全。20世纪90年代以来大规模的资源开发,加剧了辽河三角洲湿地景观的破碎化程度,使景观优势度增高,多样性下降。从1990-2005年,研究区主要湿地景观类型水稻田、苇田、滩涂的干扰程度有所增加,生态安全度均有所下降,表明人类对自然湿地生态系统的干扰越来越明显。总体来说,15年来研究区整体景观生态安全度呈现下降趋势。以往湿地生态安全的研究主要集中在环境脆弱性和保护策略方面,研究层次着重在生态系统层面,而从景观格局角度对湿地景观生态安全的研究涉及较少,文章涉及的是景观生态学可持续发展研究的一个新领域,所提出的内容实质上是景观生态安全定量表征的方法探讨。应用景观生态学方法研究生态安全,揭示景观结构与功能关系并进一步分析区域生态环境的变化趋势及其内在因素,不但为辽河三角洲湿地及其生物多样性的保护和资源开发提供了科学依据,而且丰富和发展了我国生态安全研究的理论与方法。 相似文献
39.
GIS ASSESSMENT OF THE VULNERABILITY OF THE ROSETTA AREA, EGYPT TO IMPACTS OF SEA RISE 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
A study of the area, including Rosetta city and the estuary of the river Nile (Rosetta branch), has been carried out for assessment of the impact of sea level rise (slr). A geographic information system (GIS) has been built including layers of land use, topography, archeological sites, land cover and population. Analysis of data has been carried out to assess vulnerability of various land use and land cover classes to the impact of sea level rise.Because the area under study has geomorphic relief profiles just over the sea level, inundation of total land could reach 26% of total study area due to only half a meter rise in sea level. This lost area includes 32% of urban clusters mainly used for human shelter and contains 52% of present monuments, 25% of valuable high quality dense palm trees cultivation, 75% of beaches and 19% of lands suitable, 25% of valuable high quality dense palm trees cultivation, 75% of beaches and 19% of lands suitable for agricultural reclamation (although suffering from salt water intrusion and soil salinization). This is expected to cause a significant impact on the present population, economic activities, total regional revenue, and also on tourism. At 1.1 m sea level rise, 72% to total study area could be inundated. This area contains all beaches, half of the palm cultivation, 43% of total urban clusters, which includes 81% of the monumental sites and historic buildings.Other environmental problems such as solid waste management, sanitary disposal network, deteriorating conditions of some monumental structures, in addition to the sea level rise act negatively on the environmental quality of the urban community. Future plans for urban expansion in the area must be studied carefully in order to preserve valuable palm lands and maintain and protect monuments and historic sites which help the promotion of tourism. An environmental management program is essential for upgrading tourism, promoting urban development and protecting coastal lands. 相似文献
40.
长江口拦门沙及水下三角洲的动力沉积和演变 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
陈吉余 《长江流域资源与环境》1995,4(4):348-355
分析了长江河口拦门沙和水下三角洲及河口和邻近水域的水系和水团的特征,论述了河口混浊带羽状锋系的分布移动规律,并对河口拦门沙的物理,化学,生物及地质屏障效应作了评估。通过对泥沙分布,沉积率和沉积程序的研究,探明了河口拦门沙及水下三角洲的泥沙交换和演变。根据以上所述,探讨了长江河口深水航道的选址问题,为有关管理部门提供了科学的数据。 相似文献