The air pollution effect of government economic growth expectations: evidence from China’s cities based on green technology

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Based on the Government Work Report of 265 prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2015, this article combines economic growth expectations data...     

Effects of Al3+ on pollutant removal and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) under anaerobic,anoxic and oxic conditions

The highest removal efficiencies of COD and TN were achieved under 10 mg/L of Al³⁺. The highest TP removal efficiency occurred under 30 mg/L of Al³⁺. EPS, PS and PN concentrations increased with the addition of Al³⁺. Sludge properties significantly changed with the addition of Al³⁺. Aluminum ions produced by aluminum mining, electrolytic industry and aluminum-based coagulants can enter wastewater treatment plants and interact with activated sludge. They can subsequently contribute to the removal of suspended solids and affect activated sludge flocculation, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus removal. In this study, the effects of Al³⁺ on pollutant removal, sludge flocculation and the composition and structure of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were investigated under anaerobic, anoxic and oxic conditions. Results demonstrated that the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies were detected for an Al³⁺ concentration of 10 mg/L. In addition, the maximal dehydrogenase activity and sludge flocculation were also observed at this level of Al³⁺. The highest removal efficiency of total phosphorus (TP) was achieved at an Al³⁺ concentration of 30 mg/L. The flocculability of sludge in the anoxic zone was consistently higher than that in the anaerobic and oxic zones. The addition of Al³⁺ promoted the secretion of EPS. Tryptophan-like fluorescence peaks were detected in each EPS layer in the absence of Al³⁺. At the Al³⁺ concentration of 10 mg/L, fulvic acid and tryptophan fluorescence peaks began to appear, while the majority of protein species and the highest microbial activity were also detected. Low Al³⁺ concentrations (<10 mg/L) could promote the removal efficiencies of COD and TN, yet excessive Al³⁺ levels (>10 mg/L) weakened microbial activity. Higher Al³⁺ concentrations (>30 mg/L) also inhibited the release of phosphorus in the anaerobic zone by reacting with PO₄^3-.     

官厅水库典型入库河流(洋河)表层沉积物重金属赋存形态特征

官厅水库曾是北京市重要的饮用水源地之一,洋河作为官厅水库重要入库河流,沉积物污染直接影响水库的水质安全.以洋河水系表层沉积物为研究对象,利用BCR三步连续提取法分析沉积物中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn形态特征,并基于重金属形态的评价方法(次生相原生相分布比值法-RSP和风险评估指数法-RAC),评价了洋河水系表层沉积物中重金属的污染程度与风险水平.结果表明,在整体研究区域,6种重金属均以残渣态(B4态)为主,在次生相中(除B4以外的其他3种形态),Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn均以可还原态(B2态)为主,Cr以可氧化态(B3态)为主.在空间分布上,Cd在干流中游段和支流清水河段以B2态为主;Zn在干流中游段以B2态和弱酸提取态(B1态)为主,在支流清水河段以B2态为主.RSP结果表明,洋河水系表层沉积物中Cd和Zn为轻度污染,Cr、Ni、Cu和Pb无污染.但Cd和Zn在支流清水河段均为重度污染等级,其可能主要来源于区域化工原料及化学品制造行业.RAC结果表明,整体上洋河水系表层沉积物中Cd和Zn对水环境构成中等风险,Ni和Cu构成了低风险,而Cr和Pb基本无风险.     

基于液相31P核磁共振技术的人工河流沉积物中生物质磷形态特征的研究

利用液相~(31)P核磁共振技术分析了我国北部海河流域典型人工河流滏阳新河沉积物磷形态.结果发现,滏阳新河沉积物中共检测出6类磷化合物:正磷酸盐(Ortho-P)、磷酸单酯(Mono-P)、磷酯(Lipids-P)、DNA磷(DNA-P)、焦磷酸盐(Pyro-P)、膦酸盐(Phon-P).滏阳新河沉积物中的生物质磷包括膦酸盐(Phon-P,0.11%~1.57%)、磷酸单酯(Mono-P,8.96%~29.58%)、磷酯(Lipids-P,0.28%~2.66%)、DNA磷(DNA-P,0.75%~2.03%)、焦磷酸盐(Pyro-P,0.22%~0.86%),其中,磷酸单酯是生物质磷的主要组成部分.沿艾辛庄闸坝水流方向,磷化合物含量差异明显:闸坝附近TP和生物质磷含量最高,分别为6804.1 mg·kg~(-1)和1709.58 mg·kg~(-1);沿河流流向,TP变化率分别为84.97%、-24.11%、32.84%和-0.11%,生物质磷变化率分别为93.15%、-58.83%、42.65%和18.99%.上覆水中TP和SRP的平均浓度分别为3.0 mg·L~(-1)和2.6 mg·L~(-1),分别超过我国地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)V类水标准(0.4 mg·L~(-1))7.5倍和6.5倍.基于液相~(31)P核磁共振技术,对人工河流水体磷的分布与传输有了全新的认知.因此,本研究可为深入认识磷在典型人工河流沉积物-水体系中的转化提供支持,有助于深入研究典型人工河流磷生物地球化学循环过程,同时为多闸坝人工河流的水流量调度与水生态构建提供数据支持.     

三级AO耦合工艺低温污水处理脱氮机理

采用分段进水三级AO耦合流离生化工艺处理低温废水,在温度为（10±1）℃条件下,控制HRT为8h,进水流量分配比为3：2：1,污泥回流比为50%,考察耦合工艺对低温污水中污染物的去除效果、反应器内污染物变化规律、各级氮去除规律及系统硝化反硝化性能.研究表明：耦合工艺COD及NH₄⁺-N去除效率均超过90%,TN及TP去除效率达到80%,反应器内生物膜污泥浓度在400~800mg/L之间,系统各级NH₄⁺-N去除率均超过80%,缺氧反硝化脱氮率及好氧同步硝化反硝化脱氮率分别为50.15%和26.05%.受底物浓度及功能菌群数量影响,系统第二级比硝化速率及比反硝化速率均最高.     

砷在昂曲沉积物中吸附解吸的影响因素研究

水环境条件的改变会影响沉积物对砷（As）的吸附解吸行为,进而影响砷在水环境中的迁移和转化.本实验以西藏昌都昂曲表层沉积物为研究对象,通过正交试验,考察pH、转速、溶解氧（DO）、Fe/Mn含量、沉积物/水比例、温度、粒径及As含量对沉积物吸附解吸As的影响.研究结果表明：①沉积物对砷的吸附量随着初始As含量、Fe/Mn含量和pH值的升高而增大,随着颗粒物浓度的升高而减小;不同粒径的沉积物对砷的吸附主要与沉积物中的有机质含量有关,粒径为63~250 μm的沉积物有机质含量最高（3.13 g·kg^-1）,平均吸附量最大（517.28 mg·kg^-1）.②不同粒径沉积物的解吸量与其砷含量和有机质含量有关,砷含量越高,有机质含量越少,砷的解吸量越大.砷的解吸量与转速和温度呈正相关,与pH、DO和颗粒物浓度呈负相关.③Langmuir模型对吸附等温线的拟合效果好于Freundlich模型,沉积物对砷的吸附存在明显的固体浓度效应.     

吉林省资源型城市可持续空间重构研究

以典型资源型城市吉林省辽源市为案例,探讨其城市空间结构的现状特征和空间问题;在理论框架分析与经验分析的基础上,从市区和市域两个尺度提出辽源市可持续城市空间结构的优化途径.     

基于旅游资源评价的吉林省旅游发展格局研究

科学评价旅游资源是制定旅游开发策略的前提.在系统分析吉林省自身旅游资源特征以及在东北三省中所处优劣势的基础上,探讨当前旅游资源的状况对吉林省旅游业产生的影响,针对性地提出“一心两域”的吉林省旅游发展格局模式.     

夹皮沟金矿区土壤汞的赋存形态及污染特征

使用改进的BCR连续提取法和电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS),测定夹皮沟金矿区土壤样品中汞元素的赋存形态及含量。结果表明,三个深度的土壤汞元素形态分布趋势相似,均以残渣态为主,其次为可氧化态和可还原态,酸溶/可交换态和水溶态所占比例较少,各形态汞的分配系数依次为:残渣态(48.28%)可氧化态(25.68%)可还原态(13.35%)酸溶/可交换态(8.38%)水溶态(4.33%)。垂直方向上,20~40 cm的中层土壤中的汞含量略高于0~20 cm的表层土壤,40~60 cm的下层土壤则含量最低。不同深度土壤中的有效态汞与总汞的含量具有较高的相关性,但三层土壤不具有相同的相关趋势。