γ-Al2O3负载金属氧化物热催化分解沙林毒剂模拟剂

为了考察负载型金属氧化物催化剂对毒剂的热催化分解性能,以γ-Al_2O_3为载体,金属氧化物(Mn、Ni、Fe、Co、Cu和Ce)为活性组分,采用等体积浸渍法制备了负载型金属氧化物催化剂,对沙林毒剂模拟剂——甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)进行了热催化分解评价实验,分别研究了不同反应温度、空速条件下热催化分解性能的变化规律。结果表明,在几种负载型金属氧化物催化剂中,CuO/γ-Al_2O_3表现出了最佳的防护性能。通过调控CuO负载量(1%～20%),发现5%CuO/γ-Al_2O_3具有较高的分散度和比表面积,热催化分解性能最好。磷物种的沉积造成催化剂比表面积的降低和晶体结构的破坏,是催化剂活性下降的主要原因。     

中国产业能源消费氮氧化物排放影响因素分析

中国快速增长的能源消费导致大量的氮氧化物排放,研究能源消费的氮氧化物排放的影响因素对于减排政策制定具有重要意义。文章基于扩展的经济-能源-氮氧化物排放的投入产出模型,首次尝试将结构分解方法(structural decomposition analysis,SDA)运用于氮氧化物排放的影响因素分析。研究实例分析了1990-2010年中国生产部门能源消费的氮氧化物排放的变化趋势和影响因素,研究结果表明:1990-2010年中国生产部门能源消费氮氧化物共增排1 522万t,其中国内生产总值因素变动对增排贡献最大(贡献率为107.2%),氮氧化物排放系数因素变动对减排贡献最大(贡献率为-27.3%)。进一步分析表明,经济规模扩大是带动氮氧化物增排的主要原因,而技术水平提高是抑制氮氧化物增排最有效的措施,未来经济结构优化、能源强度降低和技术进步具有较大潜力,交通部门应受到特别关注。     

基于熵值法新疆循环经济发展综合评价分析

根据循环经济理论,针对新疆循环经济的发展,从资源可承载能力、环境发展、社会经济发展三个方面考虑建立新疆循环经济发展的综合评价指标体系,运用熵值法对新疆10年循环经济的发展水平进行综合评价,进而提出了相应的措施,包括完善法律法规体系、加快产业结构调整、加大政策鼓励力度、促进产业集聚等。     

丹东市降水pH值及酸雨分析

分析2013年大气降水pH值及近10年历史演变的方法分析丹东市酸雨污染现状、特征,并从污染源和气候条件解释酸雨形成的原因,确定酸雨的形成受外来空气污染物影响较大,而酸雨强度的大小具有本地环境条件和环境污染特征。     

碳排放现状及驱动因素分解实证分析研究——以东莞市为例

根据IPCC碳排放计算指南核算东莞市2005年-2011年期间能源消费的碳排放量,并进行现状分析和采用对数平均权重分解法（LMDI）因素分解分析.研究结果表明：碳排放总量以5.8％速度增长,而碳排放强度以5.8％速度递减;煤是碳排放主源,但所占比重逐年下降;工业碳排放量比重最大,但是增速减慢;交通业、服务业和居民生活碳排放量及所占比重逐年增加;经济规模的扩大是拉动东莞市人均碳排放的决定因素,累计效应远高于能源效率和能源结构对碳减排影响.     

天津市火电专委会节能工作会议报告

<正>天津国华盘山发电公司2014年上半年发电量完成26.6亿千瓦时;上半年机组供电煤耗完成313g/kW·h,机组综合厂用电率完成6.38%,发电水耗完成1.68 kg/kW·h,主要指标完成年度计划值和进度值。2014年上半年主要完成了2#机组的A级检修工作,完成了汽泵组改造、引风机改造、送风机改造、脱硝系统改造、少油点火改造、喷燃器改造项目,机组改造后机组供电煤耗降低7.3 g/kW·h;完成2#机组改造后性能考核试验,试验内容涉及汽泵组改     

Two-step accelerated mineral carbonation and decomposition analysis for the reduction of CO2 emission in the eco-industrial parks

Carbon dioxide（CO2） emissions are a leading contributor to the negative effects of global warming. Globally, research has focused on effective means of reducing and mitigating CO2 emissions. In this study, we examined the efficacy of eco-industrial parks（EIPs） and accelerated mineral carbonation techniques in reducing CO2 emissions in South Korea.First, we used Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index（LMDI） analysis to determine the trends in carbon production and mitigation at the existing EIPs. We found that, although CO2 was generated as byproducts and wastes of production at these EIPs, improved energy intensity effects occurred at all EIPs, and we strongly believe that EIPs are a strong alternative to traditional industrial complexes for reducing net carbon emissions. We also examined the optimal conditions for using accelerated mineral carbonation to dispose of hazardous fly ash produced through the incineration of municipal solid wastes at these EIPs. We determined that this technique most efficiently sequestered CO2 when micro-bubbling, low flow rate inlet gas, and ammonia additives were employed.     

Phosphatase activity and culture conditions of the yeast Candida mycoderma sp. and analysis of organic phosphorus hydrolysis ability

Orthophosphate is an essential but limiting macronutrient for plant growth. About 67% cropland in China lacks sufficient phosphorus, especially that with red soil. Extensive soil phosphorus reserves exist in the form of organic phosphorus, which is unavailable for root uptake unless hydrolyzed by secretory acid phosphatases. Thus, many microorganisms with the ability to produce phosphatase have been exploited. In this work, the activity of an extracellular acid phosphatase and yeast biomass from Candida mycoderma was measured under different culture conditions, such as pH, temperature, and carbon source. A maximal phosphatase activity of 8.47 × 10^5±0.11× 10^5 U/g was achieved by C. Mycoderma in 36 hr under the optimal conditions. The extracellular acid phosphatase has high activity over a wide pH tolerance range from 2.5 to S.0 （optimum pH 3.5）. The effects of different phosphorus compounds on the acid phosphatase production were also studied. The presence of phytin, lecithin or calcium phosphate reduced the phosphatase activity and biomass yield significantly. In addition, the pH of the culture medium was reduced significantly by lecithin. The efficiency of the strain in releasing orthophosphate from organic phosphorus was studied in red soil （used in planting trees） and rice soil （originating as red soil）. The available phosphorus content was increased by 230% after inoculating 20 days in rice soil and decreased by 50% after inoculating 10 days in red soil. This work indicates that the yeast strain C. mycoderma has potential application for enhancing phosphorus utilization in plants that grow in rice soil.     

泥炭碱提取液E4/E6值表征泥炭腐殖化度及其古气候意义

采用AMS14C测年技术建立了哈尼泥炭地的年代序列,以泥炭碱提取液的E4/E6值(400nm和600nm处吸光度比值)来表征泥炭腐殖化度,并探讨其指示的古气候意义。研究结果表明:根据泥炭碱提取液E4/E6值与校正年龄的变化曲线,以及将其与哈尼泥炭400nm处吸光度直接表征腐殖化度的曲线进行对比,发现哈尼泥炭碱提取液的E4/E6值对古气候具有很好的指示意义,对全新世以来的气候突变事件以及前人研究的气候时期划分都能得到很好的对应,即哈尼泥炭碱提取液E4/E6值高,泥炭腐殖化度低,指示气候干冷,其E4/E6值低,泥炭腐殖化度高,指示气候暖湿。在今后的研究中,可结合E4/E6值来表征泥炭腐殖化度,并结合磁化率、孢粉等化学物理生物因子以及温度、湿度、水文、地质条件等其他因素来探讨泥炭腐殖化度对古气候的指示意义。