在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水样中痕量微囊藻毒素

微囊藻毒素（Microcystins,MCs）是水体中有害蓝藻水华释放出来的一类具有强致癌作用的肝毒素,迄今已发现60多种异构体.已知存在的最普遍、含量相对较多、毒性较大的主要是MC-LR,MC-RR,MC-YR（见图1）.     

离子液体功能化的磁性微球作为一种新型的吸附剂用来富集环境水样中的氯酚

磁性固相萃取（MSPE）是一种基于磁性吸附手段的富集方法,此过程既方便又简单,因为磁性吸附剂可以通过磁分离器进行回收,分析物从回收的吸附剂中洗脱,所以无需像传统的固相萃取那样填充到SPE的装置中．而且,磁性材料容易进行功能化的修饰,通过包裹,化学键合设计出需要的功能化材料．因此,一些功能化的磁材料被直接应用于样品的制备...     

新型动态恶臭测定仪

动态恶臭测定仪采用动态稀释技术并结合国家标准恶臭测定方法,是集成创新的新一代恶臭测定仪器。动态稀释过程通过文丘里管负压混合机理,经由高速旋转混流室作用,实现快速动态配气。     

生化需氧量测定的方法改进

生化需氧量测定中接种液的制备和稀释倍数的确定是2个关键的步骤，本文提出一种可行的制备接种液的方法，根据实践经验，总结出一种稀释倍数计算方法，适合在实际分析中使用。     

地表水中氨氮的在线自动监测

采用K301在线自动监测仪测量水中的氨氮，分析结果具有良好的准确度与精密度，RSD在0．00％-1．5％之间，实际水样的监测结果与纳氏试剂比色法的相对误差在0．3％-1．4％之间，具有良好的一致性。     

盲样考核浓度预判及稀释方法——以原子荧光法测定水中砷为例

以原子荧光法测定水中砷为例,探讨了实验室盲样考核浓度预判及稀释方法.分析了3个砷盲样考核实例,归纳了“直接稀释法”“系列稀释法”“最大稀释法”3种方法,分别适用于盲样浓度范围窄、适中、宽3种情况,检测人员可根据考核机构给定的浓度范围合理选用.     

固定燃烧源颗粒物稀释采样系统的研制与应用

为研究固定燃烧源颗粒物排放特征,研制开发了稀释烟道采样系统.该系统能模拟高温烟气排放到大气中的冷却、稀释、凝结等物理化学过程,捕集燃烧源排放的一次颗粒物.详细阐述了采样系统的结构并对系统进行了检验.整个采样系统稳定度高,测量结果可靠,操作简便.采样系统小型化设计,适合于现场应用.该系统已成功应用于我国典型燃烧源颗粒物排放特征研究.     

高含盐废水排放杭州湾数值模拟与排放总量控制研究

我国现有的环境排放标准中,对排放污水中的盐度或总盐量没有进行控制,而国外早已关注高含盐废水排放对环境的影响.国际上目前通行的做法是根据受纳水域实际情况,规定总盐量排放限值.判断高含盐废水是否对环境产生影响,主要依据受纳水域总盐量是否发生明显变化(过高或过低)而定.为准确控制高含盐废水排放,采用远场数学模型与近区稀释扩散模型相结合的方法,对上海市化工区污水处理厂的高含盐废水排放杭州湾的环境影响进行了数值模拟计算研究.结果表明根据杭州湾北部海域不同水期的盐度变化规律和渔业资源现状,确定了含盐废水排放形成的潮平均盐升超过最大允许盐升(丰水期≤3‰,平水期≤2‰,枯水期≤1‰)的范围为高盐水混合区,高盐水混合区面积小于1.5km2;在90%保证率的枯季设计水文条件下,满足化工区排污口高盐水混合区要求的盐量最大允许排放量为15.5万t/d;当化工区排污口分别达到近期、中期、远期规划排放量(5、10、20万t/d)时,满足排污扩散器控制指标(COD)初始稀释能力要求的最大允许排放盐度分别应小于65‰、47‰、40‰,相应的允许总排盐量为3250、4700、8000t/d.     

Transport and fate of mercury under different hydrologic regimes in polluted stream in mining area

Seepage from Hg mine wastes and calcines contains high concentrations of mercury (Hg). Hg pollution is a major environmental problem in areas with abandoned mercury mines and retorting units. This study evaluates factors, especially the hydrological and sedimentary variables, governing temporal and spatial variation in levels and state of mercury in streams impacted by Hg contaminated runo . Samples were taken during di erent flow regimes in theWanshan Hg mining area in Guizhou Province, China. In its headwaters the sampled streams/rivers pass by several mine wastes and calcines with high concentration of Hg. Seepage causes serious Hg contamination to the downstream area. Concentrations of Hg in water samples showed significant seasonal variations. Periods of higher flow showed high concentrations of total Hg (THg) in water due to more particles being re-suspended and transported. The concentrations of major anions (e.g., Cl??, F??, NO3?? and SO4 2??) were lower during higher flow due to dilution. Due to both sedimentation of particles and dilution from tributaries the concentration of THg decreased from 2100 ng/L to background levels (< 50 ng/L) within 10 km distance downstream. Sedimentation is the main reason for the fast decrease of the concentration, it accounts for 69% and 60% for higher flow and lower flow regimes respectively in the upper part of the stream. Speciation calculation of the dissolved Hg fraction (DHg) (using Visual MINTEQ) showed that Hg(OH)2 associated with dissolved organic matter is the main form of Hg in dissolved phase in surface waters in Wanshan (over 95%).     

TiO2 nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples

An analytical method based on TiO2 nanotubes solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography (GC) was established for the analysis of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): acenaphtylene, acenaphthene, anthracene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene. Factors a ecting the extraction e ciency including the eluent type and its volume, adsorbent amount, sample volume, sample pH and sample flow rate were optimized. The characteristic data of analytical performance were determined to investigate the sensitivity and precision of the method. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the method showed good linearity in the range of 0.01–0.8 g/mL, repeatability of the extraction (RSD were between 6.7% and 13.5%, n = 5) and satisfactory detection limits (0.017–0.059 ng/mL). The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of surface water (tap, river and dam) samples. The recoveries of PAHs spiked in environmental water samples ranged from 90% to 100%. All the results indicated the potential application of titanate nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbents to pre-treat water samples.