Effect of risk aversion on prioritizing conservation projects

Conservation outcomes are uncertain. Agencies making decisions about what threat mitigation actions to take to save which species frequently face the dilemma of whether to invest in actions with high probability of success and guaranteed benefits or to choose projects with a greater risk of failure that might provide higher benefits if they succeed. The answer to this dilemma lies in the decision maker's aversion to risk—their unwillingness to accept uncertain outcomes. Little guidance exists on how risk preferences affect conservation investment priorities. Using a prioritization approach based on cost effectiveness, we compared 2 approaches: a conservative probability threshold approach that excludes investment in projects with a risk of management failure greater than a fixed level, and a variance‐discounting heuristic used in economics that explicitly accounts for risk tolerance and the probabilities of management success and failure. We applied both approaches to prioritizing projects for 700 of New Zealand's threatened species across 8303 management actions. Both decision makers’ risk tolerance and our choice of approach to dealing with risk preferences drove the prioritization solution (i.e., the species selected for management). Use of a probability threshold minimized uncertainty, but more expensive projects were selected than with variance discounting, which maximized expected benefits by selecting the management of species with higher extinction risk and higher conservation value. Explicitly incorporating risk preferences within the decision making process reduced the number of species expected to be safe from extinction because lower risk tolerance resulted in more species being excluded from management, but the approach allowed decision makers to choose a level of acceptable risk that fit with their ability to accommodate failure. We argue for transparency in risk tolerance and recommend that decision makers accept risk in an adaptive management framework to maximize benefits and avoid potential extinctions due to inefficient allocation of limited resources. El Efecto de la Aversión de Riesgo sobre la Priorización de Proyectos de Conservación     

发展竹胶模板支援三峡工程建设促进库区经济发展

根据三峡工程建设中需要耗费大量木材的事实，结合三峡库区自然资源实际，着重探讨了开发新型竹胶台板代替木质模板，支援三峡工程建设，同时带动库区发展竹木种植及竹材深加工业，具体落实开发性移民方针的思路和对策。     

三峡工程对武湖地区生态环境影响及其对策

以实地考察和水文资料分析结果为依据，阐述了三峡工程对武湖地区防洪，春旱时灌溉和航运带来的有利影响，及枯季１～５月排水所产生的不利影响。建议加强湖区水利建设，提高电排能力；将地面高程１８Ｍ以下耕地退田还湖，以提高湖泊调蓄功能。     

三峡工程疑虑评析

长江三峡工程有利、有弊。利,是巨大的;弊,也是深远的。特别是对生态环境方面的影响。本着对人民负责和对子孙后代负责的精神,必须对不利影响予以高度重视,采取得力措施将其降低到最小程度。     

滤筒式除尘器工作原理与工程实践

介绍了利用改进滤筒、增加导流装置等一系列技术措施 ,提高滤筒式除尘器的性能 ,使之应用于轻烧石灰除尘系统。实践表明 ,设备运行稳定 ,效果良好。     

浅谈房地产开发项目环境影响评价

房地产开发项目在推动城市经济和社会发展的同时,施工期和运营期产生的废水、废气、噪声及固废对城市及周围的环境造成不利的影响。因此,必须抓好房地产开发项目的环境影响评价工作。本文根据房地产开发项目的特点,阐述了房地产开发项目环境影响评价的内容及重点,还简单论述了绿色房地产评价的相关内容及建议。     

房地产项目存在的环境污染问题及防治对策措施的探讨

阐述了房地产项目在建设期和施工期可能产生的环境污染问题,并提出了控制噪声、降低扬尘、污水处理等对策措施。     

“西电东送”贵州火电项目对区域PM10污染的影响

以贵州省为中心的"西电东送"南部通道(20°N～33°N,97°E～118°E)为研究区域,分别对该区域2004(现状年)和2010年(规划年)的PM10污染情况进行模拟和预测.分析了该区域现状年与规划年2个时段的PM10污染空间分布特征,对比了原生和次生PM10的贡献,指出造成该区域PM10污染的主要原因.结果表明:研究区域内PM10污染主要由次生PM10造成,而次生PM10主要是由二氧化硫反应生成的硫酸盐颗粒物.因此,对于贵州火电规划项目而言,减轻区域PM10污染须减排二氧化硫.     

引水改善常熟市城区水环境方案研究

依据常熟调水试验的实测数据,建立常熟河网区水量水质数学模型,应用该模型对引水改善常熟市城区水环境方案进行分析计算,常熟张家港航道改道后引水水质COD_(Mn),NH3-N的平均改善程度分别提高了41.9%,34.5%;开辟海洋泾引清通道,引水流量在30～40m~3·s~(-1)时,COD_(Mn),NH3-N的平均改善程度为42%,36.7%。两方案能有效提高引水改善常熟城区水环境的效果。     

在中国环境投资体制现状下推行环境基金的构想

在分析中国现行环境投资体制的现状基础上，结合OECD^[1]和过渡经济国家^[2]的成功经验，以及国内地方型环境基金实施情况，从环境信贷和投资的角度提出了推行环境基金的一般框架构想，并提出了环境基金运作的一般流程，分析了环境基金自身的实施运作过程以及与各相关利益主体的关系；在此基础上提出了相应项目周期管理方案。