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101.
水产养殖环境中抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的研究及进展(Research Advancement of Antibiotics Resistance Genes(ARGs)in Aquaculture Environment) 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
抗生素在现阶段的水产养殖中具有不可替代的作用,但长期滥用抗生素会诱导水生动物体内产生携带抗性基因(ARGs)的细菌株,尤其是多重耐药性菌株的产生将使得各种疾病的治疗更加棘手.抗性基因一旦被排泄到水产环境中不仅会对养殖区域和周围的环境造成潜在的基因污染,而且还会通过各种可移动遗传元件如质粒、转座子、整合子等的水平迁移作用进入其他致病菌和环境细菌中,对人类的健康安全构成潜在的威胁.论文对抗生素抗性基因在水产养殖业中的来源、污染现状、潜在的传播途径和相关的检测方法进行了综述,指出了开展水产养殖业中抗生素抗性基因污染研究的必要性,建议政府和有关部门尽快进行水产养殖业抗生素抗性基因的污染机理与控制对策研究. 相似文献
102.
为探究生物滞留系统(bioretention system,BS)对水产养殖尾水的处理效能,设计并构建倒置(inverted bioretention system,IBS)和正置(control bioretention system,CBS)2组生物滞留系统,在不同进水条件下比较了2种BS构建方式的运行效能,通过胞外聚合物(EPS)、三维荧光光谱和电子传递活性(ETSA)等方法阐述了不同构建方式下BS的脱氮机制。结果表明:在不同进水条件下IBS的处理效能优于CBS,当运行间隔周期为1 d时,IBS的TN和NO3−-N去除率分别达到71.79%~82.00%和68.70%~85.84%,平均去除率比CBS分别高出10.65%和15.89%。CBS和IBS的TN和NO3−-N去除率随进水负荷的增加呈先升高后稳定的趋势,TP波动最小,去除率均稳定在97.04%~99.22%。构建方式对EPS的组分无明显影响,但对EPS含量和ETSA影响显著。IBS的构建方式可促进微生物分泌更多的EPS,其中EPS的多糖(PS)和蛋白质(PN)含量分别比CBS高出66.89 ug·g−1和603.24 ug·g−1,并且IBS的酪氨酸、色氨酸和微生物代谢产物明显高于CBS;此外,与CBS的ETSA为(0.47±0.07) ug·(g·min)−1,相比IBS提高了0.35 ug·(g·min)−1。以上研究结果为应用生物滞留系统技术处理养殖尾水提供参考。 相似文献
103.
Sérgio H. Monteiro Jeane G. Francisco Graziela C. R. M. Andrade Rafael G. Botelho Leila A. Figueiredo Valdemar L. Tornisielo 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(9):634-643
An on-line solid phase extraction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of 12 antimicrobials in sediment and surface water was developed and validated. Furthermore, the spatial and temporal antimicrobials distributions in the sediment and in the water of four fish farms located in the hydroelectric dam of Ilha Solteira Reservoir in Brazil were investigated over four seasons in three sampling sites: at the fish cages, 100 and 1,000 m downstream far from the cages. The method was performed using an Agilent Zorbax 80 SB-C8 column (9.4 × 15 mm, 5 µm) as the loading column, and the Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (3.0 × 100 mm, 3.5 µm) as a separation column within a run time of 13 min. The limits of quantification were less than 9 ng·L?1 for the antibiotics in water and 16 µg·kg?1 in sediment; the recovery ranged from 80 to 119%, with a variation coefficient less than 11%, and the repeatability was lower than 15%. Oxytetracycline was found in the water in all sample seasons. However, florfenicol was identified in April and October 2013 and January 2014, and tetracycline was present in July 2013. Regarding the sediment, oxytetracycline and tetracycline were found in all sampling periods, but chlortetracycline was only identified in January 2014. The spatial distribution of antimicrobials showed that the main pollution source came from the fish farms. This study demonstrated that the proposed method is reliable for the monitoring of antimicrobials in water and sediments and it showed contamination in both matrices from Ilha Solteira Reservoir. 相似文献
104.
Contamination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a typical marine aquaculture farm: source tracking of ARGs in reared aquatic organisms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Haochang Su Xiaojuan Hu Linglong Wang Wujie Xu Yu Xu Guoliang Wen 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2020,55(3):220-229
AbstractAlthough the prevalence and concentrations of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquaculture is receiving increasing scientific interest, there is little understanding of the direct sources and dissemination pathways of ARGs in marine aquaculture-reared organisms. This study investigated the dynamics of ARGs and the bacterial community throughout the rearing period in a typical marine aquaculture farm in South China. The results demonstrated that sul1 and qnrD were predominant in the sediment, and qnrD and qnrA were predominant in the intestinal tracts of shrimps. Network analysis showed that the chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, suspended solids, and total phosphorus were positively correlated with the predominant ARGs. The results of the network and source tracking analyses indicate that environmental factors and the bacterial community may drive the dissemination of ARGs dissemination in the environment and in shrimp reared by marine aquaculture, and sediment is the most direct and important medium in this dissemination. These results aid in improving our understanding of the sources, level, and dissemination of ARGs in marine aquaculture. 相似文献
105.
为获得高效脱氮菌,从南昌县一中型养猪厂曝气池筛选出一株异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌株YZ-12,经过16S rRNA基因序列分析,鉴定其为Klebsiella oxytoca;随后检测了该菌株的硝化和反硝化能力。结果表明,在$ {rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N质量浓度为100 mg·L−1的硝化培养基和${rm{NO}}_3^ - $-N质量浓度为400 mg·L−1的反硝化培养基中,$ {rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N去除率在96%以上,${rm{NO}}_3^ - $-N去除率在99%以上,无${rm{NO}}_3^ - $-N、${rm{NO}}_2^ - $-N积累。同时,还考察了碳源、氮浓度、C/N、pH、盐度5种单因素对菌株脱氮效果的影响。结果表明,菌株最佳脱氮条件为C/N=10、pH=7、盐度≤10 mg·L−1、$ {rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N质量浓度≤150 mg·L−1、${rm{NO}}_3^ - $-N质量浓度≤450 mg·L−1、碳源为蔗糖;用蔗糖将养殖废水C/N调节为10,加入5%菌株进行脱氮处理,灭菌后的养殖废水$ {rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N和${rm{NO}}_3^ - $-N的去除率分别为95.15%和99.69%。 相似文献
106.
湖泊围栏养殖容量估算 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着中国水产养殖业的快速发展,水产养殖业对水环境的污染日益引起关注.确定合理的水产养殖容量是协调经济效益和环境保护的基础.分析、比较了目前关于养殖容量的主要观点,阐述了生态容纳量、环境容纳量和养殖容量等概念及其相互关系.从规划环境影响评价的角度,确定水产养殖容量的定义为:在自然条件、水环境及社会、经济和现有生产技术等因素的约束下,水产养殖活动所能获得的最大养殖产量.它由自然容纳量(Enp)、需求容量(Dp)和基于水环境容量的养殖容量(Ewp)3部分组成.据此,建立了养殖容量计算模型,并核算出东太湖围网养殖的最佳养殖模式为轮牧式养蟹600 kg/hm2,养殖容量为年河蟹养殖量1 685.0 t,年配套草食性鱼类5 015.6 t(散养,不围网),养殖面积为3 056.20 hm2(不使用外源性饲料). 相似文献
107.
为了探讨不同覆盖面积生态浮床对养殖海水的净化效果及其对北美海蓬子和南美白对虾生长的影响,以不设置浮床为对照,在养殖对虾的水面上设置了3种不同面积北美海蓬子生态浮床,覆盖面积分别为25%、50%和75%。实验进行期间每2 d监测1次水质,实验结束后测定海蓬子和对虾产量,并对氮和磷进行衡算。结果表明:15 d后,50%覆盖面积生态浮床对水体总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮和CODMn的去除效果最好,去除率分别为 44.90%、34.43%、44.45%和35.64%;75%覆盖面积生态浮床对水体总磷的去除效果最好,去除率为30.32%;各处理间pH、溶解氧和温度没有显著性差异,但盐度随浮床面积增加而有所下降;各处理间海蓬子生长没有显著性差异,但对虾产量差异显著,以50%处理的产量最高,比不设置浮床增产7.8倍;设置浮床后,水体和其他途径总氮减少,海蓬子和对虾总氮增加,水体总磷和对虾总磷减少,其他途径和海蓬子总磷增加。北美海蓬子生态浮床对养殖海水具有显著的净化效果,对虾具有显著的增产效果,其中以50%覆盖面积效果最佳。 相似文献
108.
利用高含油脂微藻处理废水,可以实现废水处理与生物柴油生产的耦合,已成为废水处理领域新的研究方向.研究了1株高含油脂的淡水栅藻LX1(Scenedesmus sp.LX1)在水产养殖废水中的生长、脱氮除磷和油脂积累特性.结果表明,栅藻LXl在该废水中的内禀生长速率、最大种群密度和最大种群生物量增长速率分别为0.44 d-1、7.46×106个.mL-1和0.82×106个.(mL.d)-1.培养至稳定期后,栅藻LXl对废水中的氨氮、亚硝态氮、硝态氮和磷的去除率分别为95.5%、96.3%、85.8%和98.8%;其生物量干重为0.38 g.L-1,单位藻细胞油脂含量高达31.6%.因此,栅藻LXl在水产养殖废水的净化和资源化方面具有较大优势,适于作为耦合工艺的优选藻种. 相似文献
109.
Aquaculture has a long history,and has achieved rapid development from 1950 to 2010,especially since the 1990s.Nevertheless,aquaculture has also seen a series of problems emerge.Inevitably,aquaculture interacts with the environment and society.Rapid development requires that close attention be paid to potential environmental and social impacts and their prevention or mitigation.The development and management of aquaculture is related closely with a variety of legal and institutional arrangements.Thus,aquaculture raises numerous legal and institutional issues.This paper explores actual legal and institutional practices of global representative aquaculture countries and provides a comprehensive account of the legislation and policies of different countries.Further,this paper reveals that the optimal legal framework for aquaculture is in line with related international regulations(especially the soft laws)and strictly operational,and the corresponding policy framework should establish early access and warning,as well as post assessment and feedback mechanisms. 相似文献
110.
生态服务价值的评估对于研究人员、政策制定者和公众都有重大意义,而农业生态系统价值往往集中于食物的供给价值,而生态系统的调控服务价值、支持服务价值和文化服务价值往往被忽略。空气调控服务属于生态系统调控服务中的一种,通过按季度检测池塘养殖水体的叶绿素a含量,计算养殖池塘的初级生产力,再以工业制氧法、碳税法和造林成本法估算了常规鱼类池塘养殖生态系统空气调节服务价值。结果表明:常规鱼类池塘养殖生态系统空气调节服务总价值为63 42248 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2。考虑到系统内部耗氧和向系统外释放含碳气体导致的价值损失,常规鱼类池塘养殖生态系统空气调节服务总净价值为28 88674 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2,其中固碳净价值为 25 46328 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2,释放氧气的净价值为3 42346 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2。相较44 0221 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2的池塘养殖水产品的市场价值,空气调节服务价值超过养殖水产品市场价值的一半以上,表明池塘养殖的生态服务价值对人类社会的贡献不可忽视。研究认为,由于池塘藻类的高增长率,常规水产池塘养殖系统空气调节服务价值高于一些种植业生态系统的空气调节服务价值。 相似文献