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101.
为研究仪器法和化学法对滤毒罐苯防护时间结果的一致性以及对防护时间判定的影响因素,参照强制性国家标准《呼吸防护 自吸过滤式防毒面具》(GB 2890—2009),通过选择不同的实验条件,测试4种不同滤毒罐对苯的防护时间,并对实验结果进行显著性差异检验和分析。结果表明:仪器法测定的防护时间小于化学法测定的防护时间;2种检测方法所测定的防护时间结果有显著性差异;测试浓度越高、气流流量越大、采样流量越大,2种方法测定防护时间的绝对差值越小。从防毒面具的安全性和与国外标准一致性考虑,建议采用仪器法判定防护时间。 相似文献
102.
复合催化剂对气相苯和甲苯的光催化降解研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
研究了在无催化剂、纯锐钛矿、纯金红石以及复合催化剂时苯和甲苯的光催化降解情况,考察了反应物初始浓度以及不同催化剂组成时苯和甲苯的光催化降解. 结果表明,使用锐钛矿催化剂,苯和甲苯降解效率都有很大提高,而使用金红石催化剂,苯和甲苯降解效率提高的幅度不大,这主要与锐钛矿和金红石的晶体结构有关. 在无催化剂和以金红石为催化剂时,甲苯比苯更容易降解;以锐钛矿为催化剂时苯比甲苯更容易降解. 初始浓度对苯和甲苯的光催化降解过程有一定的影响,在低浓度时降解速率较快,而在高浓度时降解速率较慢. 在锐钛矿催化剂中掺入一定量的金红石可提高催化剂的光催化活性. 对于苯,锐钛矿80%、金红石20%的复合催化剂光催化活性最高;而对于甲苯,锐钛矿90%、金红石10%的复合催化剂光催化活性最高. 相似文献
103.
LIU Fang-yao HONG Ming-zhang LIU Dan-mei LI Ya-wen SHOU Pei-shun YAN Hai SHI Guo-qing 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(10):1257-1260
Biodegradation of methyl parathion (MP),a widely used organophosphorus pesticide,was investigated using a newly isolated bacterium strain Acinetobacter radioresistens USTB-04.MP at an initial concentration of 1200 mg/L could be totally biodegraded by A.radioresistens USTB-04 as the sole carbon source less than 4 d in the presence of phosphate and urea as phosphorus and nitrogen sources,respectively.Biodegradation of MP was also achieved using cell-free extract of A.radioresistens USTB-04.MP at an initial concentration of 130 mg/L was completely biodegraded in 2 h in the presence of cell-free extract with a protein concentration of 148.0 mg/L,which was increased with the increase of pH from 5.0 to 8.0.Contrary to published reports,no intermediate or final degradation metabolites of MP could be observed.Thus we suggest that the cleavage of C--C bond on the benzene ring other than P-O bond may be the biodegradation pathway of MP by A.radioresistens USTB-04. 相似文献
104.
Anaerobic biodegradation of benzene series compounds by mixed cultures
based on optional electronic acceptors 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
A series of batch experiments were performed using mixed bacterial consortia to investigate biodegradation performance of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and three xylene isomers (BTEX) under nitrate, sulfate and ferric iron reducing conditions. The results showed that toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene and o-xylene could be degraded independently by the mixed cultures coupled to nitrate, sulfate and ferric iron reduction. Under ferric iron reducing conditions the biodegradation of benzene and p-xylene could be occurred only in the presence of other alkylbenzenes. Alkylbenzenes can serve as the primary subs'rates to stimulate the transformation of benzene and p-xylene under anaerobic conditions. Benzene and p-xylene are more toxic than toluene and ethylbenzene, under the three terminal electron acceptors conditions, the degradation rates decreased with toluene 〉 ethylbenzene 〉 m-xylene 〉 o-xylene〉 benzene 〉 p- xylene. Nitrate was a more favorable electron acceptor compared to sulfate and ferric iron. The ratio between sulfate consumed and the loss of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene was 4.44, 4.51, 4.42, 4.32, 4.37 and 4.23, respectively; the ratio between nitrate consumed and the loss of these substrates was 7.53, 6.24, 6.49, 7.28, 7.81, 7.61, respectively; the ratio between the consumption of ferric iron and the loss of toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene was 17.99, 18.04, 18.07, 17.97, respectively. 相似文献
105.
106.
Characterization of volatile organic compounds in the urban area of Beijing from 2000 to 2007 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Beijing is one of the most polluted cities in the world. In this study, the long-term and continuous measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the urban area of Beijing, specifically at Beijing 325 m Meteorological Tower, were conducted from 2000 to 2007. The annual record of VOC trends exhibited in two different phases was separated in 2003. Records show that VOC concentrations increased from 2000 to 2003 due to the abrupt increase in vehicle number. Contrarily, since 2003, there had been a decrease in VOCs concentrations as the policy on gasoline and air pollution was implemented. Toluene, benzene, and i-pentane are the chemicals that abound in and are directly related to vehicle activity, such as in vehicle exhaust and gasoline evaporation. Furthermore, records indicate that there had been seasonal variation in VOCs levels in that VOCs level in summer is higher than that in winter. As such, temperature is considered to significantly contribute to VOCs in Beijing. Records also show that VOCs level was high in the morning and during rush hours in the evening. In contrast, VOCs level was low during midday due to photochemical destruction with OH radical and dilution effect. In this study, a particular benzene to toluene ratio range (0.4-1.0) was used as the indicator of air propelled by vehicular exhaust. We also applied the correlation coefficients between BTEX and i-pentane to evaluate evaporation influence to ambient BTEX in the Beijing urban area. 相似文献
107.
Mohammad Mehdi Amin Bijan Bina Amir Masoud Samani Majd Hamidreza Pourzamani 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(3):345-356
Benzene removal evaluated using Fe304 nano continuous condition. A 44 initial benzene concentration, from aqueous solutions was magnetic particles (NM) in factorial design including NM dose, contact time and pH was investigated in 16 experiments (Taguchi OA design). The results indicated that all factors were significant and the optimum condition was: pH 8, NM dose of 2000 mg.L-1, benzene concentrations of 100 mg.L-1 and contact time of 14min. The maximum benzene uptake and distribution ratio in the optimum situation were 49.4mg.g-1 and 38.4L.g-1, respectively. The nano particles were shown to capture 98.7% of the benzene in optimum batch condition and 94.5% in continuous condition. The isotherm data proved that the Bmnauer-Emmett-Teller model fit more closely and produced an isotherm constant (b) less than one, indicating favorable adsorption. Regeneration studies verified that the benzene adsorbed by the NM could be easily desorbed by temperature, and thereby, NM can be employed repeatedly in water and wastewater management. 相似文献
108.
109.
为探讨甲醛、苯、甲苯及二甲苯混合气体急性暴露对小鼠肺脏的氧化损伤作用,选用雄性健康昆明种小鼠50只,随机分为对照组和4个染毒组。染毒组1到4中甲醛、苯、甲苯和二甲苯浓度依次为:1.0+1.1+2.0+2.0μg·L-1、3.0+3.3+6.0+6.0μg·L-1、5.0+5.5+10.0+10.0μg·L-1、10.0+11.0+20.0+20.0μg·L-1,各染毒组混合气体的浓度分别是我国室内空气质量标准(GB/T18883-2002)的10、30、50和100倍。用静式吸入染毒方式,每天染毒2h,共染毒10d,实验结束后,测定小鼠肺脏中的氧化损伤指标。结果表明:染毒组小鼠的体重增加幅度均低于对照组,肝脏和脾脏系数显著低于对照组,肺脏ROS、MDA含量随染毒剂量的增加而增加,T-AOC、GSH、CAT、GSH-Px及SOD活力随染毒剂量的增加而降低,并且ROS、MDA含量与混合气体的浓度呈显著的正相关关系,GSH含量与混合气体的浓度呈显著的负相关关系。研究结果显示,甲醛、苯、甲苯及二甲苯混合气体急性暴露对小鼠肺脏具有氧化损伤作用,混合气体的联合毒性效应强于单一组分,ROS、MDA和GSH可以作为评价VOCs急性暴露对机体氧化损伤作用的敏感生物学标志。 相似文献
110.
单双介质阻挡放电降解苯的对比研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在相同实验条件下,研究了单、双介质阻挡放电反应器的等离子体发射光谱,对苯的降解效率,以及CO和CO2的生成,检测了NO和NO2的浓度.结果表明,与单介质阻挡放电反应器相比,双介质阻挡放电反应器的发射光谱具有红移现象;单、双介质阻挡放电反应器对苯的降解效率、CO2的生成浓度及选择性几乎一致;采用双介质阻挡放电明显降低了CO的生成浓度,CO的生成选择性也有所下降.更为重要的是,双介质阻挡放电反应器极大地降低了NO2的生成,在本文的实验条件下,没有检测到NO. 相似文献