纳米TiO2-石墨烯光催化剂的水热合成及其光催化性能

以钛酸四正丁酯和石墨为原料，通过水热法制备了锐钛矿型为主的纳米TiO2复合光催化剂（纳米TiO2-石墨烯），并采用XRD，FTIR，FESEM，TEM技术对其进行了表征。通过紫外光照射降解溶液中的罗丹明B（RhB）研究了TiO2-石墨烯的光催化活性，分析了初始罗丹明B质量浓度、催化剂加入量、溶液pH和催化剂使用次数等影响降解效果的因素。实验结果表明：在初始RhB质量浓度为20 mg/L、溶液pH为7.10、催化剂加入量为1.000 g/L的条件下，紫外光照射30 min时，纳米TiO2-石墨烯对RhB的降解率高达98.69%，明显高于纳米TiO2的44.69%;纳米TiO2-石墨烯稳定性较强，可多次重复使用。     

转鼓铁碳微电解法预处理液晶废水

采用转鼓铁碳微电解法预处理液晶生产废水,优化了工艺参数,并进行了装置连续运行试验。结果表明:保持转鼓转速2 r/min,在废水pH=2.0、铁碳比(m(铸铁屑)∶m(活性炭))1∶1.5、填料装填率(填料体积与反应器有效容积之比)1∶10、HRT=3 h的优化工艺条件下,废水BOD5/COD由处理前的0.181提高到0.265;电解装置连续运行30 d,COD去除率稳定在40.1%~43.2%之间,且填料未出现板结现象。     

水环境中典型纳米颗粒对菲的吸附特征

以典型三环多环芳烃菲为代表,选取11种典型纳米颗粒对水中不同浓度的菲进行吸附实验,探究水体中的纳米颗粒对菲的吸附特征.结果表明,Freundlich模型对所有样品的拟合结果最好.logKFr值显示,有机膨润土及3种炭黑对菲的吸附作用最强,且远远大于其他纳米颗粒.有机膨润土对菲的吸附表现为线性吸附(n=1.08),而3种炭黑均表现出显著的非线性特征(n＜0.5),且非线性特征随吸附能力的增强而增强,其他几种纳米颗粒均表现出非线性吸附特征(n＜0.9).水中所有的纳米颗粒在与菲作用的过程中,吸附的强弱与颗粒表面电位、粒径及比表面积均无显著相关性,即对于所有纳米颗粒来说,这几种性质并不是决定吸附作用的最主要因素,而吸附剂的化学组成及结构特性可能是引起吸附作用差异的主要原因.     

磷酸根和镉离子在羟基铁改性膨润土表面的协同吸附机制研究

聚合羟基金属-粘土矿物复合物广泛存在于自然环境中,对重金属阳离子和含氧酸根阴离子均有很好的吸附能力,因此对这些化合物的环境迁移过程及污染控制具有重要影响.研究采用FeCl₃和Na₂CO₃共同改性膨润土,制备了羟基铁－膨润土复合物（HyFe-Bent）.XRD和孔结构分析结果发现,HyFe-Bent的d₀₀₁由原土的1.52 nm增加到1.81 nm,比表面积由原土的52.2 m²·g^-1增大到108.4 m²·g^-1.将HyFe-Bent用于同时吸附水中磷酸根（P）和镉离子（Cd）,结果表明,在实验条件下P和Cd在HyFe-Bent上表现出明显的协同吸附效应,溶液pH升高可促进Cd的吸附但降低P的吸附.此外研究了P和Cd吸附次序对它们吸附性能的影响：在先吸附P的体系中两种物质的吸附性能与同时吸附体系相当,而在先吸附Cd的体系中吸附性能则明显低于同时吸附体系.由此提出P和Cd协同吸附的原理是多种吸附机制共存：除了配体交换和离子交换作用,它们在HyFe-Bent表面还发生了表面沉淀作用,可能形成了Fe-P-Cd三元络合产物.论文研究结果可为了解重金属和含氧酸根复合体系的环境行为及污染控制提供新信息.     

磁性纳米Fe_3O_4对毒死蜱的增效和催化降解研究

应用溶剂热法制备了磁性纳米Fe3O4(NMFO),并用聚乙二醇-6000对其进行改性,使纳米Fe3O4表面由亲水性转变为亲脂性,从而实现与亲脂性毒死蜱的复合。纳米Fe3O4的加入使毒死蜱的生物活性明显提高。室内毒力试验结果表明:含0.2%纳米Fe3O4的Fe3O4/毒死蜱制剂的毒力在室内和紫外光照下分别是同浓度纯毒死蜱的3.84倍和4.17倍;其降解率也显著提高,纳米Fe3O4/毒死蜱制剂在太阳光照下放置10 d,其降解率可达93.2%,相同条件下纯毒死蜱的降解率是10.14%,而将添加或未添加纳米Fe3O4的毒死蜱于暗处放置相同的时间,其降解率分别为1.21%和0.23%。     

人造沸石负载纳米氧化镁同步脱氮除磷的研究

氮、磷是引发水体富营养化的限制性因素,控制水体中的氮、磷总量可以有效抑制水体富营养化的产生。以人造沸石为研究对象,探究不同改性方法对人造沸石同步去除水中氮、磷的影响。主要工艺为高温碱(NaOH)浸改善沸石结构,高温盐浸(MgCl)负载纳米态氧化镁。结果表明改性的最佳条件为:两阶段的烘干温度45℃;NaOH溶2+3-液浓度0.5 mol/L;MgCl溶液的浓度1 mol/L。对NH-N和PO的去除效率分别可达到83.76%和74.24%。对人造沸石2 4 4的热稳定性进行了实验,其烧失量达40.6%。最后,对吸附饱和的人造沸石进行脱附实验,脱附剂的选择为NaCl、KCl以及+3-两者的混合液。NaCl对NH4+-N和PO43-都有较为明显的脱附效果,脱附率分别可达84.54%和59.35%。     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of quantum-dot-sensitized one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorod photocatalyst

An efficient photocatalyst was fabricated by assembling quantum dots （QDs） onto one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorods, and the photocatalytic properties for Methyl Orange degradation were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence. The results indicate that the catalyst with assembled QDs is more favorable for the degradation than the pristine ZnO nanorods. The QDs with core-shell structure lower the photocatalytic ability due to the higher carder transport barrier of the ZnS shell layer. Besides its degradation efficiency, the photocatalyst has several advantages given that the one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorods have been grown directly on indium tin oxide substrates. The article provides a new method to design an effective and easily recyclable photocatalyst.     

Fe2O3 particles as superior catalysts for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

Fe203 particle catalysts were experimentally studied in the low temperature selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NO with NH3. The effects of reaction temperature, oxygen concentration, [NH3]/[NO] molar ratio and residence time on SCR activity were studied. It was found that Fe203 catalysts had high activity for the SCR of NO with NH3 in a broad temperature range of 150-270℃, and more than 95% NO conversion was obtained at 180℃ when the molar ratio [NH3]/[NO] = 1, the residence time was 0.48 seconds and 02 volume fraction was 3%. In addition, the effect of SO2 on SCR catalytic activity was also investigated at the temperature of 180℃. The results showed that deactivation of the Fe2O3 particles occurred due to the presence of SO2 and the NO conversion decreased from 99.2% to 58% in 240 min, since SO2 gradually decreased the catalytic activity of the catalysts. In addition, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the fresh and deactivated Fe2O3 catalysts. The results showed that the deactivation caused by SO2 was due to the formation of metal sulfates and ammonium sulfates on the catalyst surface during the de-NO reaction, which could cause pore plugging and result in suppression of the catalytic activity.     

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 containing anatase nanoparticles and rutile nanoflower structure consisting of nanorods

A series of TiO2 with different crystal phases and morphologies was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process using titanium nbutoxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid as raw materials. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by degradation of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution under UV-Visible light irradiation. On the basis of detailed analysis of the characterizing results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, it was concluded that the photo-activity of the catalyst is related directly to the 3D morphology and the crystal phase composition. An excellent catalyst should have both a futile 3D flower-like structure and anatase granulous particles. The 3D flower-like structure could enhance light harvesting, as well as the transfer of reactant molecules from bulk solution to the reactive sites on TiO2. In addition, the optimum anatase/rutile phase ratio was found to be 80：20, which is beneficial to the effective separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs.     

Iron and lead ion adsorption by microbial flocculants in synthetic wastewater and their related carbonate formation

Although microbial treatments of heavy metal ions in wastewater have been studied, the removal of these metals through incorporation into carbonate minerals has rarely been reported. To investigate the removal of Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋, two representative metals in wastewater, through the precipitation of carbonate minerals by a microbial flocculant （MBF） produced by Bacillus mucilaginosus. MBF was added to synthetic wastewater containing different Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋ concentrations, and the extent of flocculation was analyzed. CO2 was bubbled into the mixture of MBF and Fe^3＋/Pb^2＋ to initiate the reaction. The solid substrates were analyzed via X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results showed that the removal efficiency decreased and the MBF adsorption capacity for metals increased with increasing heavy metal concentration. In the system containing MBF, metals （Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋）, and CO2, the concentrated metals adsorbed onto the MBF combined with the dissolved CO2, resulting in oversaturation of metal carbonate minerals to form iron carbonate and lead carbonates. These results may be used in designing a method in which microbes can be utilized to combine CO2 with wastewater heavy metals to form carbonates, with the aim of mitigating environmental problems.