南水北调东线水源核心区浮游植物多样性状况与评价研究

分别于2013年4月、8月、10月和2014年1月对南水北调东线水源核心区河流浮游植物群落结构、浮游植物密度进行调查,并利用多样性指数进行水质评价.区域共检出浮游植物5门34科67属118种,春秋两季物种数较多,夏冬两季物种数较少.优势种为蓝藻门小席藻( Phormidium.tenue)、绿藻门小球藻( Chlorella.pyrenoidosa)、硅藻门变异直链藻( Melosira.varians).区域浮游植物密度为3.5 ×105 cells/L,Shannon-wiener指数为2.32,Margalef指数为1.06,Pielou均匀度指数为0.54,水质为寡污-中污水平.     

鄱阳湖阻隔湖泊浮游植物群落结构演化特征：以军山湖为例

人类改造自然的行为——建闸筑堤对湖泊生态系统有着重要影响,由于缺乏生态监测对比数据,对阻隔湖泊的浮游植物群落结构变化及其响应特征缺乏足够认识.为探明阻隔湖泊浮游植物群落结构演变趋势,选取了鄱阳湖典型阻隔湖泊——军山湖,于2007~2008年和2012~2013年对其浮游植物进行丰枯水期调查,重点分析群落结构特征.结果表明,2012~2013年共检出浮游植物6门53属,主要由绿藻(种属数占47.2%)、硅藻(22.2%)、蓝藻(14.8%)、裸藻(9.3%)等组成.丰水期优势种属为飞燕角甲藻(Ceratium hirundinella)(生物量百分比20.5%)、鱼腥藻(Anabeana spp.)(18.5%)和微囊藻(Microcystis spp.)(12.9%);枯水期优势种属为卵形隐藻(Cryptomonas ovata)(生物量百分比38.4%)、颗粒直链硅藻(Aulacoseira granulata)(15.2%)和微囊藻(10.5%).浮游植物细胞数量主要由蓝藻(85.4%~87.0%)构成;丰水期生物量主要由蓝藻(45.0%)、甲藻(21.1%)、硅藻(15.6%)和绿藻(11.5%)组成;枯水期生物量则由隐藻(38.2%)、硅藻(31.3%)和蓝藻(21.1%)组成.与2007~2008年军山湖浮游植物群落结构相比,主要变化趋势有:①丰水期,浮游植物优势种从2007~2008年的甲藻-硅藻,甲藻绝对优势型转变为2012~2013年的蓝藻-甲藻,蓝藻绝对优势型;枯水期,从2007~2008年的甲藻-硅藻,甲藻绝对优势型转变为2012~2013年的隐藻-硅藻-蓝藻,隐藻绝对优势型.②浮游植物细胞数量由2007~2008年的2.66×106cell·L-1上升至2012~2013年的6.77×107cell·L-1,生物量由2007~2008年的0.72 mg·L-1增加至2012~2013年的12.30 mg·L-1.总之,军山湖浮游植物群落结构中贫营养型的甲藻比例减少,金藻消失,富营养型的蓝藻和隐藻增加.因此,通过建闸筑堤对湖泊进行人为阻隔后,湖区水体交换时间的延长,水流流速的变缓等水文条件的改变均促进了浮游植物富营养指示种在军山湖湖区内的生长聚集.     

湖泊草、藻来源溶解性有机质及其微生物降解的差异

太湖生态类型多样,存在着水环境差异比较显著的草、藻型湖区,其水体中溶解性有机质(DOM)的来源及组分特征也存在较大差异.为了检验草、藻来源的DOM组分特征及其微生物降解机制的差异性,分别选取太湖藻型湖区的蓝藻水华及草型湖区的优势水生植物马来眼子菜进行室内细菌降解实验.结果表明,浮游植物及沉水植物的细菌降解都能快速释放营养盐和有机质,而且释放的DOM均以极具活性的类蛋白荧光组分为主.草源和藻源DOM在组分构成上存在显著差异,藻源DOM以类色氨酸组分为主,而草源DOM荧光物质则基本上以类酪氨酸组分C3为主,草、藻来源DOM的荧光组分差异与野外调查结果相似.经过细菌的降解利用,草、藻来源的DOM类蛋白荧光强度都迅速减弱,藻源性溶解物质相对容易被细菌降解利用,在2 d之内就能降解约70%,而草源性DOM的降解速率则较低,通常降解转化周期则为更长时间.     

三峡水库成库初期营养盐与浮游植物分布特征

根据2003-09-08～2003-09-15航行11个点位测试数据,分析了三峡水库成库后营养元素及浮游生物量的分布特征,初步探讨了营养盐分布与Chla的关系.结果表明,调查区域营养盐浓度较高,其中TN各测点均超过国家地表水环境质量标准Ⅲ类水标准,含量范围为1.01～1.35 mg·L^-1.TP含量范围为0.028～0.054 mg·L^-1;K含量范围为2.80～3.44 mg·L^-1;TOC含量范围为1.92～2.59 mg·L^-1,Chla含量范围为1.58～7.35mg·m^-3,平均浓度为4.69 mg·m^-3.利用相关分析方法,分析了Chla与营养盐之间的关系,表明Chla与NO₃^--N成显著正相关(r=0.728 7);与浊度成显著负相关(r=-0.920 7).利用系统聚类方法分析三峡水库水体指标,随长江流向明显分为3类,即上游区(长寿、涪陵、丰都、忠县)、中游区(万州、云阳、奉节)和下游区(巫山).硅藻在4个测点均为优势种群,占总量的86%,平均为129 844个/L,浮游植物量沿水流方向有增高趋势.     

CHLOROPHYLL-BIOMASS-NUTRIENT RELATIONSHIPS FOR NATURAL ASSEMBLAGES OF FLORIDA PHYTOPLANKTON1

Parallel determination of phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll a concentration were made on spring and summer phytoplankton samples collected from 165 Florida lakes. There was a significant correlation between chlorophyll a concentration and phytoplankton biomass (r=0.80; P < 0.01). Chlorophyll content per unit phytoplankton biomass ranged over two orders of magnitude. Nitrogen seemed to be a major factor influencing the chlorophyll content of Florida algae. Multiple regression analyses indicated that phytoplankton biomass was dependent on both the total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentration. Nutrient-phytoplankton and Secchi-phytoplankton relationships for the Florida lakes had higher coefficients of determination if chlorophyll a concentrations rather than phytoplankton biomass data were used in regression analyses.     

Comparative Studies on the Usefulness of Seven Ecological Indices for the Marine Coastal Monitoring Close to the Shore on the Swedish East Coast

The simultaneous behaviour of seven ecological indices(Hurlberts, Margalefs, Menhinicks, Shannons,species number, Jaccards and saprobic index) wasstudied based on phytoplankton data close to the shoreon the East coast of Sweden during the summer 1998.The sampling stations had a similar eutrophicationlevel and were located in bays. Standard phytoplanktondatabases were used in calculating the indices, whichwere later compared using cluster analysis.Hurlberts, Margalefs, Menhinicks, Shannons andspecies number indices, as measure of communitydiversity, produced similar trends which oftendiffered from those based on Jaccards index ofsimilarity. However, the simultaneous use of theseindices was found meaningful as a possible part of themonitoring close to the shore. The application of asaprobic index lead to erroneous conclusions in thestudied case.     

Marine Eutrophication: A Proposed Data Analysis Procedure For Assessing Spatial Trends

A methodology for the discrimination of the different trophic levels at a spatial scale in the marine environment is proposedusing spatial analysis methods and non-parametric statistics. Phytoplankton cell number, being a representative parameter to express trophic trends in the marine ecosystem is selected forthe methodology development; Saronicos Gulf, Greece is used for the case study. The proposed stepwise methodology includes interpolation for assessing the spatial distribution of phytoplankton cell number, division of the Gulf into a number of quadrates, development of a scale characterising trophic levels and finally characterisation of the trophic state ofeach quadrate using non-parametric statistics. The advantages of this methodology and the potential applications in coastal management studies are also discussed.     

Long-term phytoplankton trends and related water quality trends in the lower Chesapeake Bay,Virginia, USA

Long-term trends (i.e., 1985 through 1999; 14 1/2 yrs) of the phytoplankton community in Chesapeake Bay indicated patterns of increasing phytoplankton abundance and biomass associated with mainly diatoms and chlorophytes, and to a lesser degree dinoflagellates. Decreasing trends in productivity rates above the pycnocline were present over a shorter time period (10 1/2 yrs.), with evidence for increasing nitrogen limitation is indicated. Reduced light availability is inferred due to decreasing trends of Secchi depths and increased suspended solids trends, which were associated with decreasing trends in productivity rates.     

蘑菇湖水库的富营养化及水生生态变迁的研究

蘑菇湖水库已处于富营养-重富营养阶段.正在由响应型向非响应型湖泊演变.导致这一结果的原因是多年来石河子市工农业废水和生活污水中所含氮、磷元素超负荷地进入水库,由此引起了水生生态系统的一系列生态变迁和恶性演化.     

硅在海洋浮游植物群落演替过程中的作用

海洋浮游植物的群落演替是一处自然规律。每一局部水域，由于受各种特殊环境条件的调控和制约。具有其独特的浮游植物生礅类型。本文着重讨论了硅盐在浮游植物群落演替机制中手作用。并以大量的研究事例论证了这一理论的确立。