太湖梅梁湾和月亮湾春夏两季沉积物扰动下BAPP的转化规律

采用室内模拟试验研究了沉积物扰动下上覆水中可被生物利用颗粒态磷(BAPP)的变化规律,并分析了BAPP与悬浮物中内源磷间的内在联系.试验用沉积物分别于春季和夏季采自太湖梅梁湾和月亮湾.结果表明,沉积物扰动降低了上覆水中生物有效磷(BAP)含量,降至初始状态的40%左右.BAPP也明显降低,其占BAP的百分比稳定在50%左右,梅梁湾春季除外.扰动状态下颗粒态磷(PP)生物有效性显著降低,第12h时,BAPP占PP的百分比仅为10%左右;这与悬浮物中NH₄Cl-P和Fe/Al-P的降低明显相关,但其与 (AAP+NH₄Cl-P)占Tot-P的百分比相关性更好[r=0.565(n=48)].这暗示,沉积物扰动可能延缓了水体富营养化发展进程.     

负荷交替法快速培养好氧硝化颗粒污泥的研究

在3个SBR(R1、R2、R3)中分别培养好氧硝化颗粒污泥,R1和R2分别采用进水氮负荷交替变化和进水碳氮负荷同步交替变化这2种新的培养方式,R3采用传统的逐步提高氮负荷法.对R1、R2和R3培养得到的硝化颗粒污泥在物理性状、污染物去除效能等方面进行对比分析.结果表明,R1和R2的培养方式明显缩短了培养时间,70 d左右成功培养出完全意义上的硝化颗粒(硝化菌的活性超过异养菌的活性),而R3需147 d.采用进水碳氮负荷同步交替变化法快速培养出的颗粒外形更规则、硝化菌活性更高、脱氮性能更优,稳定运行时氨氮和总氮去除率分别为95%和70%左右,在理化性状和脱氮性能上明显优于其他2种.对比发现,在硝化颗粒污泥培养初期,适当提高进水有机负荷,能加快颗粒的形成及生长.     

有序介孔碳载金/L-赖氨酸/纳米金修饰电极的制备及其对邻苯二酚、对苯二酚的检测响应研究

通过化学还原的方法合成有序介孔碳负载纳米金粒子,并构筑有序介孔碳载金/L-赖氨酸/纳米金复合膜修饰玻碳电极;利用扫描电镜观察介孔碳和介孔碳复合膜的微观结构,并用循环伏安法、电化学阻抗谱表征自组装电极的过程.在此基础上用差分脉冲伏安法研究对苯二酚和邻苯二酚混合物在该电极上的电催化氧化,研制了一种基于有序介孔碳载金/L-赖氨酸/纳米金复合膜修饰电极分别检测对苯二酚和邻苯二酚的传感器.在最优的实验条件下,该传感器在对苯二酚和邻苯二酚浓度为1×10-6～8×10-4mol·L-1的范围内具有良好的线性关系,检出限分别为3×10-7mol·L-1、7×10-7mol·L-1.     

黄河三角洲碱蓬湿地土壤有机碳及其组分分布特征

应用物理分组方法研究了黄河三角洲典型碱蓬湿地土壤有机碳及其组分分布特征.结果表明,研究区土壤重组有机碳是土壤有机碳的主要组成部分,土壤重组有机碳含量、土壤颗粒有机碳含量与土壤总有机碳含量都显著正相关.研究区土壤轻组组分比例和含量范围分别在0.008%～0.15%和0.10～0.40 g·kg-1,颗粒有机碳分配比例范围为8.83%～30.58%,说明黄河三角洲碱蓬湿地土壤有机碳中非保护性组分较低,碳库相对稳定.     

乙醇处理对树脂基纳米水合氧化铁结构及其除砷性能的影响

通过考察乙醇处理对树脂基纳米水合氧化铁(D201-HFO)结构及其除砷性能的影响,评价乙醇处理在复合材料制备中的必要性.结果表明,乙醇处理后负载水合氧化铁(HFO)在D201树脂内的分散性增加,材料对砷的饱和吸附量提高约20%,且复合材料的比表面积、孔容、孔径分别增加了52%、65%、28%;但乙醇处理对复合材料的机械强度和负载HFO的晶型无影响,在pH值、离子竞争对该材料除砷性能的影响趋势方面也无明显作用,对复合材料固定床除砷性能及再生方面也无明显作用.总体而言,乙醇处理对D201-HFO复合材料实际除砷性能影响不大,从技术经济性考虑可以省略.     

有机蒙脱石负载纳米铁去除溶液中四溴双酚A的研究

研究了改性蒙脱石负载纳米铁材料(NZVI-CMT)在甲醇-水体系中对四溴双酚A(TBBPA)的去除作用,并确定了反应温度、TBBPA初始浓度以及材料投加量等因素对去除效果的影响.结果表明,在25℃条件下,0.02 g NZVI-CMT对初始浓度为10 mg·L-1TBBPA溶液的去除率可达97.5%,而且NZVI-CMT对TBBPA的去除率明显高于两种单一材料即纳米零价铁(NZVI)及有机蒙脱石(CMT)的去除率(18.3%、67.3%),同时也大于两者之和(85.6%).利用NZVI-CMT对TBBPA进行重复去除实验时,前3次的去除率均可达到90%以上.通过检测降解产物并分析材料对TBBPA去除过程的特性,发现NZVI-CMT对TBBPA的去除以吸附为主,并伴有少量还原脱溴反应发生,而且较高的反应温度对降解反应有利.     

短程硝化颗粒污泥的快速培养与硝化特性研究

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为种泥,以2 min沉淀时间为选择压,在序批式反应器(SBR)中快速培养出好氧颗粒污泥。经过60个周期(20 d),反应器内出现砂粒状颗粒,并持续稳定运行120 d。成熟的颗粒污泥平均粒径856.56μm,具有良好的硝化性能。SBR反应器以固定曝气时间方式运行,亚硝酸盐积累率达80%以上,实现了稳定短程硝化。试验结果表明:絮体污泥(即接种污泥)与颗粒污泥的硝化过程相似但略有差异。二者差别在于,氨氮氧化结束后,继续曝气120 min,絮体污泥将亚硝酸盐完全转化为硝酸盐,而颗粒污泥仅将部分亚硝酸盐转化且过程比较缓慢。     

Fe2O3 particles as superior catalysts for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

Fe203 particle catalysts were experimentally studied in the low temperature selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NO with NH3. The effects of reaction temperature, oxygen concentration, [NH3]/[NO] molar ratio and residence time on SCR activity were studied. It was found that Fe203 catalysts had high activity for the SCR of NO with NH3 in a broad temperature range of 150-270℃, and more than 95% NO conversion was obtained at 180℃ when the molar ratio [NH3]/[NO] = 1, the residence time was 0.48 seconds and 02 volume fraction was 3%. In addition, the effect of SO2 on SCR catalytic activity was also investigated at the temperature of 180℃. The results showed that deactivation of the Fe2O3 particles occurred due to the presence of SO2 and the NO conversion decreased from 99.2% to 58% in 240 min, since SO2 gradually decreased the catalytic activity of the catalysts. In addition, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the fresh and deactivated Fe2O3 catalysts. The results showed that the deactivation caused by SO2 was due to the formation of metal sulfates and ammonium sulfates on the catalyst surface during the de-NO reaction, which could cause pore plugging and result in suppression of the catalytic activity.     

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 containing anatase nanoparticles and rutile nanoflower structure consisting of nanorods

A series of TiO2 with different crystal phases and morphologies was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process using titanium nbutoxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid as raw materials. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by degradation of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution under UV-Visible light irradiation. On the basis of detailed analysis of the characterizing results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, it was concluded that the photo-activity of the catalyst is related directly to the 3D morphology and the crystal phase composition. An excellent catalyst should have both a futile 3D flower-like structure and anatase granulous particles. The 3D flower-like structure could enhance light harvesting, as well as the transfer of reactant molecules from bulk solution to the reactive sites on TiO2. In addition, the optimum anatase/rutile phase ratio was found to be 80：20, which is beneficial to the effective separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs.     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of quantum-dot-sensitized one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorod photocatalyst

An efficient photocatalyst was fabricated by assembling quantum dots （QDs） onto one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorods, and the photocatalytic properties for Methyl Orange degradation were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence. The results indicate that the catalyst with assembled QDs is more favorable for the degradation than the pristine ZnO nanorods. The QDs with core-shell structure lower the photocatalytic ability due to the higher carder transport barrier of the ZnS shell layer. Besides its degradation efficiency, the photocatalyst has several advantages given that the one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorods have been grown directly on indium tin oxide substrates. The article provides a new method to design an effective and easily recyclable photocatalyst.