高盐度污水生物处理技术研究

广西涠洲石油终端处理厂污水Cl 浓度在 110 0 0～ 12 0 0 0mg L ,平均为 113480mg L ,CODCr约为 15 0～ 4 0 0mg L ,属高盐度污水。通过对微生物进行驯化 ,仍可以用生化法处理。研究表明 :单一的厌氧生化法和好氧生化法处理污水均不能达标 ,而厌氧 好氧联合处理效果良好 ,出水水质稳定 ,出水CODCr为 14～ 6 7mg L ,可达到国家污水排放一级标准     

晋江河口水域中COD的自净特征及其成因分析

利用连续１１ａ的水质监测资料和其它有关的监测，调查资料，研究晋江河口水域中ＣＯＤ的短期和长期自净特征。发现盐度梯度是该特征的主要因素。河口水域的这一特征在区域水环境研究方面具有十分重要的意义。     

黑河下游地区土壤水盐及有机质空间分布与植被分布及长势分析

黑河下游地区生态环境脆弱，植被长势和分布与土壤水盐及有机质的含量和分布存在相关性，本文对研究区各采样点各土壤层水分、盐分和有机质含量和分布进行了测定和分析，并统计了各点植被种类、分布及长势情况，然后分析了二者之间的相关性，为该地区生态治理和恢复提供了依据。     

无机盐对活性污泥沉降性的影响

针对海水冲厕工程的实施 ,试验研究了无机盐对活性污泥沉降性的影响。以无盐稳定运行系统作为参照系统 ,分别研究了 2 0g L和 35g L盐度驯化系统内活性污泥絮凝体的形态、污泥沉降特点以及污泥微生物生态。在此基础上探讨了絮凝体的结构。试验结果表明 ,无机盐改变了活性污泥微生物生态 ,改变了絮凝体的结构 ,加强了污泥的沉降性。     

浅层咸水灌溉对冬小麦和土壤安全性的研究

主要研究利用浅层地下咸水灌溉冬小麦及土壤的安全性。试验采取3因素多水平组合设计,利用2.5~6.0g·L-1不同矿化度咸水对冬小麦进行灌溉。试验结果表明:冬小麦产量与咸水矿化度呈负相关关系r=-0.8542、r=-0.8457,与咸水灌溉量呈正相关关系r=0.7487、r=0.7401。利用小于4.0g·L-1咸水灌溉对土壤具有一定的脱盐作用,咸水矿化度为6.0g·L-1时土壤中的盐分积累达到85.5%。矿化度5.0g·L-1以上的咸水不宜直接灌溉农田,需经淡水与咸水调配后,矿化度在4.0g·L-1以下方可灌溉农田。     

Salt-induced land and water degradation in the Aral Sea basin: A challenge to sustainable agriculture in Central Asia

Expansion of irrigated agriculture in the Aral Sea Basin in the second half of the twentieth century led to the conversion of vast tracks of virgin land into productive agricultural systems resulting in significant increases in employment opportunities and income generation. The positive effects of the development of irrigated agriculture were replete with serious environmental implications. Excessive use of irrigation water coupled with inadequate drainage systems has caused large‐scale land degradation and water quality deterioration in downstream parts of the basin, which is fed by two main rivers, the Amu‐Darya and Syr‐Darya. Recent estimates suggest that more than 50% of irrigated soils are salt‐affected and/or waterlogged in Central Asia. Considering the availability of natural and human resources in the Aral Sea Basin as well as the recent research addressing soil and water management, there is cause for cautious optimism. Research‐based interventions that have shown significant promise in addressing this impasse include: (1) rehabilitation of abandoned salt‐affected lands through halophytic plant species; (2) introduction of 35‐day‐old early maturing rice varieties to withstand ambient soil and irrigation water salinity; (3) productivity enhancement of high‐magnesium soils and water resources through calcium‐based soil amendments; (4) use of certain tree species as biological pumps to lower elevated groundwater levels in waterlogged areas; (5) optimal use of fertilizers, particularly those supplying nitrogen, to mitigate the adverse effects of soil and irrigation water salinity; (6) mulching of furrows under saline conditions to reduce evaporation and salinity buildup in the root zone; and (7) establishment of multipurpose tree and shrub species for biomass and renewable energy production. Because of water withdrawals for agriculture from two main transboundary rivers in the Aral Sea Basin, there would be a need for policy level interventions conducive for enhancing interstate cooperation to transform salt‐affected soil and saline water resources from an environmental and productivity constraint into an economic asset.     

含盐有机电镀废水多元氧化微电解预处理的影响研究

对含盐有机电镀废水进行预处理,考察了多元氧化微电解工艺对废水有机污染物的去除效果和可生化性的改善效果。结果表明,多元氧化微电解工艺的最佳条件为:pH 3.0,填充比(填料与废水的体积比)1∶1,微电解时间45min,气水比(体积比)1∶1;在此条件下,COD去除率可达67.1%。多元氧化微电解工艺能使BOD5/COD由原来的0.10升高到0.32～0.41,提高了废水的可生化性,减轻了后续生化处理负荷,是预处理含盐有机电镀废水的有效方法。     

Hydrographic characterization of southeast Arabian Sea during the wane of southwest monsoon and spring intermonsoon

Seasonal variation of the hydrography along the southeast Arabian Sea is described using data collected onboard FORV Sagar Sampada in September–October 2003 (later phase of Southwest monsoon, SWM) and March–April 2004 (Spring inter monsoon, SIM). During the later phase of the SWM, upwelling was in the withdrawal phase and the frontal structure was clearer in the northern sections (13 and 15°N lat) indicating strong upwelling in the area. The driving force of upwelling is identified as the combination of alongshore wind stress and remote forcing with a latitudinal variability. Although a more prominent upwelling was found in the north, a maximum surface Chlorophyll-a was found in the south (10°N). During the SIM, the area was characterized by oligotrophic water with relatively high Sea Surface Temperature (>29°C) and low salinity (33.8 to 35.4). During March, the surface hydrography was found to be controlled mainly by the intrusion of low-saline waters from the south, while during September by the high saline water from the north. The presence of various water masses [Arabian Sea High Salinity Water (ASHSW), Persian Gulf Water (PGW), Red Sea Water (RSW)] and their seasonal variations in the region is discussed and their decreasing influence towards the south is noted during both periods of observation. During the SWM, the dynamic topography showed the equator-ward flow of the West India Coastal Current (WICC) at the surface and a pole-ward coastal under current at sub-thermocline depth. During the SIM, surface circulation revealed the WICC flowing pole-ward north of 13°N, but equator-ward flow in the south, with a clockwise circulation around the Lakshadweep High.     

SBR中2种污泥对不同盐度污水中脱氮性能的对比研究

在2个相同的SBR中分别驯化普通污泥和耐盐污泥,研究两者在0%、0.9%、1.2%、1.5%和1.8%（W/V）的盐度（NaCl）下对生活污水脱氮性能的差异。SBR运行经过厌氧、好氧、缺氧3个阶段,HRT分别为1、6和1 h。研究结果表明：在每一级盐度下,耐盐污泥的脱氮性能都好于普通污泥。随着盐度的增大,耐盐污泥中氨氮...     

博斯腾湖矿化度现状分析

博斯腾湖是目前我国最大的内陆淡水湖，近40多年来，博斯腾湖矿化度年际变化经历了好→中→差→中的过程。本文在对博斯腾湖矿化度历史变化和博斯腾湖各区域矿化度分布调查分析的基础上，全面客观的分析了博斯腾湖矿化度的成因。通过对多年数据的分析，建立了矿化度与水位的定量关系模型，并就如何控制博斯腾湖矿化度提出了可行的对策。