浅析海洋工程滨海景观环境影响评价

在海洋工程建设项目的环境影响评价中,滨海景观环境影响评价是一个较新的评价方向。根据景观的概念及国内外景观环境影响评价的现有技术方法,结合海洋工程的特点,对滨海景观环境影响评价的步骤和方法进行了初步探讨,并提出加强这方面工作的建议。     

从锦州海洋城总体规划探析新时期现代化新城的规划设计

新的时期对于新城建设又提出了新的要求,过去有名无实的现代化新城建设已经不能够满足当下人们对于新城市建设的期望和发展需要。通过对锦州海洋城规划的思考,在认清现实发展时期的基础上,提出了与之相适应的现代化新城建设的目标和方法。     

2015/2016年海洋和大气环流异常对中国夏季降水的影响

利用1981年1月-2016年8月中国160个气象站降水量资料和NCEP/NCAR资料,对比分析了2015/2016年的主要海洋和大气环流异常及其对夏季降水的影响。结果表明：1）2015和2016年夏季降水异常分布有着明显的差异。2015年夏季降水呈南多北少特点;2016年夏季降水明显增多,尤其是北方地区,且呈现经向型分布。2）热带印度洋-太平洋海温状况监测显示,2015年海温异常表现为El Niño发展年、热带印度洋全区一致模态海温偏暖、印度洋偶极子正位相;2016年海温异常表现为El Niño结束年、热带印度洋全区一致模态海温偏暖、印度洋偶极子负位相。3）2015年,受热带印度洋-太平洋海温异常影响,使得夏季西太平洋副高偏强、偏南,再配合中高纬冷空气活跃,西风急流轴位置偏南,导致我国降水北少南多。4）2016年,受El Niño衰减、印度洋偶极子负位相影响,副高偏北;叠加印度洋海温偏暖的“充电器”效应,副高偏强;同时冷空气偏北偏弱,西风急流轴位置偏北,导致长江中下游及以北区域降水偏多。     

污染物入海通量非点源贡献率的分析方法

针对采用控制断面实测通量进行点源与非点源分割的常规方法,容易夸大非点源贡献率的情况,提出简易分割技术,在概念上明确改进的方法,从实用的角度提出以月径流量与月通量相关系数确定丰水期通量增量的非点源比例系数,建立简单的估算公式,以辽东湾主要入海河流之一的大凌河为例,利用2003年实测数据对大凌河进入辽东湾的高锰酸盐指数、总氮、总磷、石油类、氨氮等入海通量进行计算分析,得到对不同污染物不同分割比例的较为合理的结果.该方法对于闸控调节导致的入海径流反季节变化的情况不一定适用,但可以采用类似的思路进行研究.      

The rise of thermophilic sea urchins and the expansion of barren grounds in the Mediterranean Sea

Recent ecological studies have shown a strong relation between temperature, echinoids and their grazing effects on macro-algal communities. In this study, we speculate that climate warming may result in an increasingly favourable environment for the reproduction and development of the sea urchin Arbacia lixula. The relationship between increased A. lixula density and the extent of barren grounds in the Mediterranean Sea is also discussed.     

Acoustic Observations of Bottom Surge From Dredged Material Discharge in the Open Ocean

Abstract

Bottom surges generated from dredged material discharges in the open ocean have been observed using high frequency acoustic concentration profilers in several field studies during the past five years. the locations, water depths, bottom slopes, oceanographic conditions, and dredged material composition differed from study to study. Observed surges at three dredged material disposal sites may develop more than one surge peak for a single discharge. for water depths of the order of 10 m, surge height of the leading peak was estimated to be about one quarter of the water depth. for water of greater depth, of the order of 100 m, surge height reached 70 m, about 70% of the water depth. Surge height is established instantaneously when dredged material hits the bottom, and remains relatively constant as the surge advances horizontally. Total surge length reached 150 m for water depths of 10 m when measured from the impact point to the leading edge. for water depths of more than 100 m, the surge length reached more than 100 m. Length of the leading surge peak was as large as 45 m at this water depth.

Dimensional analysis was applied to relate the surge height of the leading surge peak to discharge parameters and oceanographic conditions. Results showed that the ratio of surge height to water depth was proportional to 1/10 power of the ratio of discharge volume to the third power of water depth.     

Use Impairments and Ecosystem Impacts of the New York Bight

The New York Bight is perhaps one of the most used and abused coastal areas in the world as a consequence of urbanization and the disposal of the waste of some 20 million people who reside by its shores and surrounding bays and estuaries. A variety of sources, including those associated with sewage wastes, industrial wastes, contaminated dredged material, urban runoff, and atmospheric fallout contaminate these coastal waters. Many of the stresses of excess population and industrialization as measured by pollutant loadings and ecosystem impacts can be crudely quantified in terms of use impairments-use impairments that have measurable social and economic relevance. Five broad categories of impairment attributed to pollution in the Bight that are causing significant losses of ecological, economic, or social values are: beach closures, unsafe seafoods, hazards to commercial and recreational navigation, loss of commercial and recreational fisheries, and declines in birds, mammals and turtles. These impairments are generally caused by floatable wastes, nutrients, toxicants, pathogens and habitat loss. Measures of such impairments are not standard, nor in many cases totally quantifiable. We have examined specific subsets of these impairments in terms of their spatial and temporal changes and as a first approximation determined the economic and social significance of these changes. the cost of these impaired uses of the Bight are measured in terms of billions of dollars annually for New York and New Jersey.