Disposal of Coal Fly Ash at A Deep Water Site in the Eastern Mediterranean Off Israel - Six Years of Monitoring

Coal fly ash (CFA) is dumped at a deep sea disposal site (1,500m water depth) in the eastern Mediterranean, ca. 70km off the Israeli shore. Since 1989, about one million tons of CFA were dumped at the 200km² allocated area. Six years of monitoring at the dump-site shows that the CFA is heterogeneously distributed; there are areas where CFA covers about 1.3cm depth of the sea floor while at others no CFA is found. CFA is present as a fine powder, small aggregates and even as large blocks both in the dump-site as well as at its peripheries. Cadmium, copper and zinc concentrations in the CFA decreased as a result of the prolonged contact with sea water at in situ conditions while inconclusive changes in mercury, iron and manganese were detected. No changes were observed for lead, iron and aluminium concentrations. A controlled long term field experiment, now in progress at the site, is expected to clarify further chemical changes occurring in the CFA.     

基于海洋石油作业事故风险分析的应急研究

海洋石油作业具有高危险性、高投入的特点，从事故应急管理内涵角度出发，以海洋石油作业事故历史数据统计及风险分析为基础，开展了不同海洋石油作业事故在应急管理过程中的重点内容的研究，进而指导、细化海洋石油作业应急工作。     

Radioactivity Monitored From Moored Oceanographic Buoys

The principles and operation of a gamma radiation sensor mounted on oceanographic buoys are described. the sensor has proved rugged in severe weather conditions and has satisfactory detection limits and accuracy. Continuous monitoring of artificially produced γ-emitters such as ¹³⁷Cs, ¹³⁴Cs, ¹³¹I, ¹³³I, ¹³²Te, naturally occuring emitters such as ⁴⁰k and ²¹⁴Bi in open sea conditions can provide important information in critical situations.     

Comparison of Solid-Phase and Pore-Water Approaches for Assessing the Quality of Marine and Estuarine Sediments

As part of our continuing evaluation of the pore-water approach for assessing sediment quality, we made a series of side-by-side comparisons between the standard 10-day amphipod whole sediment test with the corophiid Grandidierella japonica and a suite of tests using pore water extracted from the same sediments. the pore-water tests evaluated were the sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) sperm cell test and morphological development assay, the life-cycle test with the polychaete Dinophilus gyrociliatus, and acute exposures of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) embryo-larval stages. Sediment and surface microlayer samples were collected from contaminated sites. Whole-sediment, pore-water, and surface microlayer toxicity tests were performed. Pore-water toxicity tests were considerably more sensitive than the whole-sediment amphipod test, which is currently the most sensitive toxicity test now recommended for determining the acceptability of dredged material for open ocean disposal.     

东方大港的探讨—利用GIS对宁波深水港的分析

根据孙中山先生提出的在我国北、东、南建立三方大港的思想，对我国东部沿海的宁波港进行了分析。在对其历史和现状分析的基础上，借助于现代的信息系统技术和遥感技术，对宁波港的水深状况和集疏运输情况进行了进一步分析，并与北、南二大深水港大连港、广州港、以及我国目前最大的上海港作了比较，提出了正在快速发展的宁波港有潜力成为我国的东方大港，为国家对港口的宏观布局提供了依据。     

Sediment Flux to the Sea as Influenced by Changing Human Activities and Precipitation: Example of the Yellow River,China

Since the 1970s, the sediment flux of the Yellow River to the sea has shown a marked tendency to decrease, which is unfavorable for wetland protection and oil extraction in the Yellow River delta. Thus, an effort has been made to elucidate the relation between the sediment flux to the sea and the drainage basin factors including climate and human activities. The results show that the sediment flux to the sea responds to the changed precipitation in different ways for different runoff and sediment source areas in the drainage basin. If other factors are assumed to be constant, when the annual precipitation in the area between Longmen and Sanmenxia decreases by 10 mm, the sediment flux to the sea will decrease by 27.5 million t/yr; when the precipitation in the area between Hekouzhen and Longmen decreases by 10 mm, the sediment flux to the sea will decrease by 14.3 million t/yr; when the precipitation in the area above Lanzhou decreases by 10 mm, the sediment flux to the sea will decrease by 17.4 million t/yr. A multiple regression equation has been established between the sediment flux to the sea and the influencing factors, such as the area of land terracing and tree and grass planting, the area of the land created by the sediment trapped by check dams, the annual precipitation, and the annual quantity of water diversion by man. The equation may be used to estimate the change in the sediment flux to the sea when the influencing variables are further changed, to provide useful knowledge for the environmental planning of the Yellow River drainage basin and its delta.     

赤潮灾害与大气尘埃铁输送的关系

赤潮对全球海洋生态环境的危害已引起人们的高度关注.在综述赤潮发生的基本条件和铁对海洋初级生产力限制作用的基础上,讨论了大气尘埃铁与赤潮灾害的关系,以及季风对尘埃铁的输送,以利于深入了解诱发赤藻的营养物质的提供途径,为我国沿海赤潮危害的预报预警,提供了新的研究思路.     

污水排海工程生物监测

本文阐述了污水排海工程及其生物监测的必要性和优越性，描述了污水排海工程纳污海域的分区和生物学要求，并讨论了污水排海工程生物监测的基本内容。     

材料深海环境腐蚀试验

从开发海洋和军事应用前景等方面分析了材料深海环境腐蚀性能研究的实际需求和必要性；介绍了深海环境因素的特点——压力大、温度低、氧含量低；综述了美国、苏联、印度、挪威等国进行深海腐蚀试验的情况、试验研究方法。深海腐蚀试验的特点是困难、复杂、危险和昂贵。简述了我国进行深海试验的必要性和前荣。     

嘉兴市污水海洋处置工程近区稀释扩散物理模型和数学模型研究

结合嘉兴市污水海洋处置工程，以排污口近区污水稀释扩散规律进行了物理模型和数学模型研究，数学模型采用美国国家环保局的UM模型、香港大学李行伟教授的Jetlag3模型以及我们自行研制的积分控制模型。结果表明，Jetlag3模型计算值和物理模型的试验结果相差不大。